Peace and Conflict

Define peace

An absence of a conflict which leads to happiness and harmony

Define justice

Bringing about what is right and fair, according to the law, or making up for a wrong that had been committed

Define forgiveness

Showing grace and mercy and pardoning someone fie what the have done wrong

Define reconciliation

A sacrament in the Catholic church; also restoring of harmony after relationships have broken down

Define Protest

An expression of disapproval, often in a public group

Define terrorism

The unlawful use of violence, usually against innocent civilians, to achieve a political goal.

Define greed

Selfish desire for something

Define self-defence

Acting to prevent harm to yourself

Define retaliation

Deliberately harming someone as a response to them harming you.

Define just war theory

A set of rules Influenced by christians about when it is right to fight, and how to fight

Define Holy War

A war fought for a religious cause

Define pacifism

The view that violence is rarely or never justified

Define weapons of mass destruction

Weapons that can kill large numbers of people and/or cause great damage

Define nuclear deterrence

Possessing nuclear weapons in order to determine other countries from attacking you

Define peace making

The action of trying to establish peace

Define victims of war

anyone who is killed, injured, or suffering because of war

What are some reasons for war

Land

To press or stop the spread of an ideology

Unfair sharing of resources

greed

self defence

retaliation

What is a quote that supports self defence as a reason for war

“When a strong man, fully armed, guards his own mansion, his property is safe” Luke 11:21 Bible

What is a quote that supports retaliation as a reason for war

“Those who have been attacked are permitted to take up arms because they have been wronged- God has the power to help them” Qur’an 16:126

What do Christians and Muslims believe about protest

Both believe that protest is needed to speak out against injustice but violence should not be used

What is a conscientious objector

Someone who refuses to take part in conflict because of their beliefs

What is a peace maker?

A person who works to establish peace in the world or in a certain part of it

What is peacemaking

The action of trying to establish peace

What are the three part of just war theory

Jus as Bellum- The right to go to war

Jus in Bello- The right conduct in war

Jus post Bellum- Justice after war

What are the requirements of jus ad Bellum(6)

• There must be a just cause to go to war

• The war must be declared by an appropriate authority

• It should have the intention to bring about good

• war must be the last resort

• There must be a reasonable chance of success

• Proportionality- The benefits must be proportional to the harm

What are the requirements of Jus in Bello(3)

• Civilians must not be targeted

• any attack must be intended to defeat the enemy

• unnecessary death must be avoided

What are the requirements of Jus post Bellum(4)

• Just cause to end the war: the wrong has been righted, the enemy has surrendered. If a war cannot be won, it must be ended.

• No revenge must be taken

• Peace terms must be made

• Just punishment if infractions were committed e.g. deliberately targeting civilians or prisoners of war were tortured.

What are similarities between just war and holy war

Both must have a good reason for war

Declared by an appropriate authority

Don’t target civilians

What are the three types of Weapons of Mass Destruction

• Nuclear weapons- Also known as atomic bombs; they cause immediate destruction of all life and structures within their range. The radioactive ‘ fallout’ has long-term effects

• Biological warfare- Also know as germ warfare, uses living disease- causing bacterium or viruses such as anthrax to bring about the death or serious illness of people.

• Chemical warfare- uses non-living toxins such as nerve agents and mustard gas to cause death, incapacity on victims.

Give arguments for and against the possession of Weapons of Mass Destruction

For

• retaliation if your are attacked using WMD-”An eye for and eye, a life for a life, a tooth for a tooth”

• Nuclear deterrence

Against

• As God is the creator, only God has the authority to end the life he created(sanctity of life)

• One of the 10 commandments states “You shall not murder”

• Mostly innocent people are killed

• “Love your neighbour” Bible

• “Do not contribute to your own destruction with your own hands, but do good, for Allah loves those who do good” Qur’an

What might Christians do to support peace-making

Christians might be motivated to support peace-making through the teachings in the Bible such as forgiveness, justice, and the sanctity of life. This may encourage them to donate to aid charity’s

What might Muslims do to support peace-making

One of the translations of the word ‘Islam’ is ‘peace’, this shows that Muslims are taught to help create and sustain peace. They may decide to start campaigns against world conflicts.

How can people support victims of war

1. Give them the means of earning a living

2. access to food and water

3. medical help

4. safe place to live

5. psychological support

Give a quote that support the helping of victims of war

“If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat, if he is thirsty, give him water to drink”

How does the organisation CAFOD support victims of war

CAFOD (the Catholic Agency for Overseas Development) is the official aid agency for the Catholic Church in England and Wales. Its mission is to support people suffering from poverty, injustice, and conflict. In war zones, CAFOD focuses on saving lives, protecting human dignity, and helping communities rebuild.CAFOD provides urgent support to people caught in conflict. This includes:

• Food

• Clean water

• Medical supplies

• Shelter

• Warm clothing and blankets

Give a reason for and against volunteer groups helping the enemy

For

Most victims of war are innocent on either side of the war, they all deserve help

Against

It makes it harder to win the war.

What is greater jihad

The internal struggle to live a good life and follow the faith

What is lesser jihad

The external struggle to fight against evil and defend the faith