orgo functional groups & mechanisms

alkane

alkene

alkynes

aldehyde

ketone

carboxylic acid

acid chloride

primary amine

secondary amine

tertiary amine

primary alcohol

secondary alcohol

tertiary alcohol

alkyl halide

X is F, Cl, Br, or I

ether

thiol

nitrile

amide

carboxylate

ammonia

arene

ester

acid anhyrdride

What are concerted mechanisms? Which reactions have them?

Breaking and making multiple bonds in one step, last 4 mechanisms

[1, 2 hydride shift]

Moving a hydrogen to create the most stable carbocation (arrow goes from where you want to move the carbon to the plus charge)

Handout - identify each and regio/stereo chemistry!

Hydrohalogenation

X-H

Hydration

H₂O + H₂SO₄

Halogenation

X₂

Halohydrin Formation

X₂ + H₂O

Oxymercuration Formation

i. Mg (OAc)₂

ii. NaBH₄

Hydroboration

i. BH₃

ii. H₂O₂ + NaOH

Osmylation

i. OsO₄

ii. NaHSO₃

Ozonolysis

i. O₃

ii. (CH₃)₂S

Hydrogenation

H-H / Pd/C