American Government Chapter 7

Bureaucracy

a large, complex organization made up of appointed government officials

Patronage System

a system by which government jobs were given as favors for supporters of certain political parties; “spoils system”

Merit System

distribution of jobs by merit or the ability to do the job

James A. Garfield

assassinated by a disgruntled job-seeker

New Deal

President Roosevelt’s social welfare program created during the Great Depression

Executive Departments

15 organizations designed to help the president “faithfully execute” laws

Independent Executive Agencies

independent from the Departments but answer directly to the president

Independent Regulatory Agencies

independent agencies that regulate a specific aspect of American life (EEOC, IRS, OSHA)

Regulation

process of rulemaking

Federal Register

published rules proposed by agencies

CFR

yearly publication that lists all regulations issued as well as previous regulations still in effect

Government Corporation

public (government) company that operates a quasi-business enterprise

TVA

first government corporation

FDIC

insures bank deposits

USPS

best-known government corporation

Chester Arthur

Who used the Merit System

Pendleton Act

What made the Merit System official

Civil Service System

What did the Pendleton Act create

Bureaus

What are Departments made of

Division of labor

What do bureaus allow

Cabinet

What do the 15 heads form

Secretaries

What are Department heads called

Career civil servants

What are most people who work for the departments called

Administrators

What are Executive Agencies led by

Statutory Law

After Congress passes a law what is it called

Slip laws

What laws are published within 2-3 days of the president signing a bill

US-Statutes-at-Large

What is the end of a congressional session called

Administrative Law Judges

A group of appointed judges dealing with cases brought against agencies (A.K.A

EPA

has prevented the growth of American business in the name of the environment

Deficit Spending

spending more than is received in revenue during the year; increases national debt

Hoover Commissions

recommendations during Hoover’s administration

Deregulation

process of reducing the number of regulations

Revival of Federalism

return decision-making power to the state and local governments

Bureaucracy

What is not mentioned in the Constitution

4th Branch of Government

Unchecked power gave Administrative Law Judges what nickname