Vocab 121 Final

Myopia

Nearsightedness, a common vision condition where distant objects appear blurry due to the eye's elongated shape or excessive corneal curvature.

Hyperopia

Farsightedness, a vision condition where nearby objects appear blurry due to the eye's shortened shape or insufficient corneal curvature.

Astigmatism

A refractive error caused by an irregularly shaped cornea or lens, leading to distorted or blurred vision at all distances.

Presbyopia

A condition associated with aging where the eye's lens loses elasticity, making it difficult to focus on close objects.

Legal Blindness

A significant vision impairment, defined as having a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye, or a visual field of less than 20 degrees.

Conjunctivitis

A common eye condition characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, often caused by infection or allergens, leading to redness and discharge.

Hyphema

A condition where blood accumulates in the anterior chamber of the eye, typically due to injury, potentially affecting vision.

Contusions

Injuries characterized by bleeding and swelling under the skin, often caused by blunt force trauma.

Foreign Bodies

Objects that penetrate or enter the eye, causing irritation or injury, often requiring removal to prevent further damage.

Penetrating Objects

Items that penetrate the eye structure, potentially leading to severe damage and necessitating urgent medical intervention.

Chemical Burns

Injuries to the eye caused by exposure to corrosive substances, resulting in tissue damage and requiring immediate treatment.

Wet Macular Degeneration 

A progressive eye disease that causes vision loss due to damage to the retina, often characterized by blurred vision and distortion.

Dry Macular Degeneration 

A common form of macular degeneration that progresses slowly and can result in gradual vision loss, primarily affecting central sight.

Conductive hearing loss

A type of hearing loss caused by problems in the outer or middle ear, preventing sound from being conducted to the inner ear. It can often be treated medically or surgically.

Sensorineural hearing loss

A type of hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve, often permanent and not treatable with surgery.

Cerumen Impaction

A condition where earwax builds up in the ear canal, potentially causing hearing loss, pain, or discomfort. It may require removal by a healthcare professional.

Tympanic Rupture

A hole or tear in the eardrum, which can cause hearing loss and increase the risk of ear infections. It may heal on its own or require medical intervention.

Mastoiditis

An infection of the mastoid process, the bone located behind the ear, that can occur as a complication of middle ear infections and may require antibiotics or surgery.

Otitis Externa

An inflammation or infection of the outer ear canal, often caused by water exposure or bacterial infections. Symptoms may include itching, redness, and discharge.

Otitis Media

An infection or inflammation of the middle ear, often resulting from a cold or allergies, which can cause pain, fever, and hearing loss.

Labyrinthitis

An inner ear infection or inflammation that affects the labyrinth, leading to symptoms such as vertigo, balance issues, and hearing loss.

Meniere’s Disease

A disorder of the inner ear characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. It is thought to be caused by fluid buildup in the inner ear.

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

A common cause of vertigo triggered by changes in head position, resulting from displaced calcium crystals in the inner ear.

Moderate (Conscious) Sedation

A medical procedure that uses sedative drugs to relax patients while allowing them to remain awake and responsive during minor surgeries or procedures, ensuring comfort and anxiety reduction.

General Anesthesia

A medically induced state where a patient is completely unconscious and unresponsive during surgical procedures, often using inhaled gases and intravenous medications.

Local Anesthesia

A type of anesthesia that numbs a specific area of the body while the patient remains fully conscious and aware. It is commonly used for minor surgical procedures to prevent pain without affecting overall consciousness.

Regional Anesthesia

A form of anesthesia that numbs a larger area of the body, blocking sensation in specific regions by targeting a nerve or group of nerves. It is commonly used for surgeries on the lower body, such as in epidurals for childbirth.

5 Ps of Sexual Health History

Partners, Practices, Protection from STIs, Past history of STIs, Prevention of pregnancy

PMS/Dysmenorrhea

Cyclic irritability, bloating, cramping.

Amenorrhea/Menopause

The absence of menstrual periods in women, which may be due to menopause, pregnancy, or other health conditions.

Menorrhagia

Uterine fibroids, endometriosis; dark menstrual blood, clots.

Metrorrhagia

Irregular bleeding between menstrual periods, which may be caused by hormonal imbalances or reproductive health issues.

Endometrial Cancer

A type of cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus, often associated with abnormal vaginal bleeding and other symptoms. Can be linked to HPV.

Ovarian Cancer

Often diagnosed post-metastasis; vague symptoms (diffuse pain, bloating).

Gastroenteritis

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, causing vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.

Acute Abdomen 

A sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, often requiring immediate medical evaluation and treatment.

Lactase Deficiency

Inability to properly digest lactose due to insufficient lactase enzyme, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating and diarrhea.

Hemorrhoids

Swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus that can cause discomfort, bleeding, and irritation.

Fissures

Small tears in the lining of the anus that can cause pain and bleeding, often associated with constipation.

Fistulas

Abnormal connections between the rectum or anus and the surrounding tissue, often resulting in pain and infection.

Abscess

A collection of pus that forms in response to infection, often occurring near the anus or rectum, causing pain and swelling.

Undernutrition 

A condition resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients, leading to adverse effects on health, growth, and body composition.

Overnutrition

A condition resulting from excessive intake of nutrients, often leading to obesity and related health issues.

Thrombocytopenia

A medical condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets in the blood, which can lead to increased bleeding and bruising.

Leukopenia

A condition marked by an abnormally low number of white blood cells, which can increase the risk of infections.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, leading to fatigue and weakness.

Sprains

Injuries caused by overstretching or tearing of ligaments, often resulting in pain and swelling.

Strains

Injuries to muscles or tendons caused by overstretching or overexertion.

Heberden's nodes

small, bony swellings that develop in the joints of the fingers, typically associated with osteoarthritis.

Bouchard’s nodes

bony protrusions that occur in the middle joints of the fingers, often linked to osteoarthritis.