Africana Studies Midterm Exam

Haitian Revolution

Successful slave revolt leading to Haiti's independence. 1791- 1804

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Trade of enslaved Africans from Africa to Americas.

Middle Passage

Journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.

General Toussaint Louverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution against colonial rule.

Discourse on Colonialism

Aime Cesaire's critique of colonial impacts.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation prohibiting discrimination based on race.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Law aimed at eliminating racial discrimination in voting.

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 Supreme Court case ending school segregation.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

1955-56 protest against racial segregation on buses.

Sit-In Movement

1960s nonviolent protests at segregated lunch counters.

Freedom Rides

1961 bus trips challenging segregation in the South.

March on Washington

1963 rally advocating for civil and economic rights.

Freedom Summer

1964 campaign to increase voter registration in Mississippi.

Selma-to-Montgomery Marches

1965 protests for voting rights in Alabama.

Du Bois' Double Consciousness

Concept of internal conflict experienced by marginalized groups.

MLK's Nonviolent Protests

Strategy combining Gandhi's teachings with Black Christian faith.

Booker T. Washington

Advocated for economic freedom through vocational education.

Angela Davis

Activist focused on issues of mass incarceration.

Carter G. Woodson

Founded Black History Month; father of Black history.

Master Narrative

Dominant story that shapes historical understanding.

Black Student Union (BSU)

Student organization addressing Black student representation.

W.E.B. Du Bois' The Souls of Black Folk

Essays presentin an argument about the toll of racism on the souls and consciousness of Black people and humanity

Silencing in History

Active erasure of marginalized voices from narratives.

Precolonial Africa

Period before European colonization and exploitation.

Middle Passage

Two-month journey transporting enslaved Africans to Americas.

Thingafication

Treating slaves as objects and cramming them in spaces.

Mortality Rate

One-fifth of enslaved died from disease.

Resistance

Africans attempted rebellion, mostly unsuccessful.

Self-harm

Some enslaved jumped overboard to escape.

New World Slavery

Racialized institution linking blackness to enslavement.

Chattel Slavery

Enslaved individuals treated as property, heritable.

Economic Impact

Slave system influenced economies even without slave ownership.

Sugar and Tobacco

Most profitable crops requiring enslaved labor.

Enslaved Women's Role

Forced to bear children for slave population.

Skilled Labor

Enslaved worked as seamstresses, nurses, carpenters.

Cultural Resistance

Practices like music and storytelling defied masters.

Obvious Resistance

Actions like theft and running away punished severely.

Saint-Domingue

Wealthiest French colony reliant on enslaved labor.

Population Disparity

Whites owned 70% wealth, 75% of slaves.

Haitian Revolution

1791-1804 uprising led by Toussaint against colonial powers.

Epistemology

Study of knowledge and understanding.

Ontology

Theory concerning the nature of being.

Chimera

Illusionary hope regarding freedom for Black people.

Race and Slavery

Race became synonymous with slave status post-trade.

Strategists

Enslaved Africans employed tactics for resistance.

Human

Rational beings with a soul, capable of thought.

Non-Human

Irrational beings without a soul, deemed enslaveable.

Saltwater Slavery

Transatlantic slave trade involving African captives.

Gold Coast

Present-day Ghana, rich in gold resources.

Mansa Musa

Wealthiest man from Mali, known for gold.

Middle Passage

Transport route for enslaved Africans to Americas.

Captives

Individuals kidnapped or enslaved for labor.

Voyages

Duration of slave transport, lasting 2-3 months to 1 year.

Slave Trade to Haiti

800,000 Africans brought to Haiti in 18th century.

Code Noir

Regulations governing slavery in French colonies.

Bossales

Enslaved Africans born in Africa.

Creoles

Enslaved black people born in the colony.

Affranchis

Emancipated black individuals in Haiti.

Gens du couleur libres

Mixed-race free people of color.

Grand blancs

Wealthy white landowners in Haiti.

Petit blancs

Poor white individuals in Haiti.

C.L.R. James

Scholar who analyzed race and revolution.

The Black Jacobins

James's book on the Haitian Revolution.

Haitian Revolution

1791-1804 revolt abolishing slavery in Haiti.

Slogan of French Revolution

Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood, influencing enslaved Haitians.

Haitian Declaration of Independence

Proclamation of freedom from French rule on 1/1/1804.

Cesaire

Critic of colonialism and European hypocrisy.

Discourse on Colonialism

Cesaire's critique linking capitalism and colonization.

Nesbit's Idea of 1804

Haitian Revolution as a universal struggle.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution, military strategist.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French leader who sought to restore slavery.

Toussaint Louverture

Leader who resisted French rule in Haiti.

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

Successor to Toussaint, continued resistance.

Saint Domingue

French colony with 500,000 enslaved Africans.

Civil Rights Movement

Struggle for racial equality in the USA.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Group formed to lead sit-ins against segregation.

Baker's Philosophy

Advocates grassroots leadership over charismatic figures.

MLK's Letter from Birmingham Jail

Emphasizes urgency and nonviolent resistance.

Black Power

Movement for Black self-determination and empowerment.

Brown v. Board of Education

Landmark case against school segregation.

Angela Y. Davis

Advocate for prison abolition and reform.

Prison Industrial Complex

Collaboration between government and prison systems.

Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor

Critiques Obama's presidency as symbolic, not substantive.

#BlackLivesMatter Movement

Response to racial injustice and systemic change.

Lift Every Voice and Sing

Black National Anthem focusing on struggles.

Double Jeopardy

Concept of overlapping oppressions faced by Black women.

Queer Politics

Focus on intersectionality of race, class, and gender.

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans to northern cities.

Harlem Renaissance

Cultural movement celebrating Black art and identity.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Protest against racial segregation in public transport.

Emmett Till

Victim of racial violence, symbol of injustice.

Systemic Racism

Institutional policies maintaining racial inequality.

Radical Outcome of French Revolution

Led to struggles for freedom in colonies.

Political Chaos

Enslaved people exploited instability for resistance.