Bio Final - Genetics

DNA

– code made of nucleic acids; codes for proteins required by cell; hereditary instruction book

Protein

made using the gene information

gene

sequence of DNA that contains information about the genetic code for a protein or RNA molecule

allele

alternante gene forms; often indicated with letters

homologus

chromosomes that have genes for the same traits in the same locations

ex:  earlobe gene in same place on 2 homologous chromosomes

chromosomes

structures within cells that contain DNA and are made up of chromatin; they carry genetic information.

homozygous

same alleles for a trait WW or ww

heterozygous

different alleles for a trait -Ww

dominant allele

fully expressed when two alleles are present; capital letter 

recessive allele

– hidden when two alleles are present; lowercase letter

genotype

combination of alleles for a gene; represented by letters;

phenotype

observable trait

how a gene becomes a trait – steps, what proteins do in your body, why protein shape is important

The process of gene expression involves transcription and translation, resulting in the production of proteins that determine an organism's observable traits. Protein shape is crucial for function, as it affects binding and activity in biological processes.