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For Anatomy and Physiology for school
Tarsal Glands
Sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid edges
Conjunctiva
Delicate Membrane lines the eyelids & covers part of the outer surface
Lysozyme
Enzyme that destroys bacteria
Sclera
Whiter outer layer that protects the eyeball
Cornea
Transparent layer forming the front of the eye
Choroid
Posterior Vascular layer that contains blood vessels contain a dark pigment
Ciliary Body
Smooth muscle structures attached to the lens
Ciliary Zonule
Suspensory ligament
Iris
Pigmented, has a round opening behind the cornea of the eye
Pupil
Dark circular opening the center of the iris of the eye and regulates the amount of light
Retina
Sensory layer of the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light
Photoreceptors
Receptor shaped like rods & cones that responds to light
Rods
Receptor cells that dim light and peripheral vision perception in gray tones shaped like a rod
Cones
Receptor cell detailed color vision, dense center of the retina
Optic Disc
Where the Optic Nerve leaves the eyeball
Fovea Centralis
A tiny pit that contains only lens
Cataracts
Clouding of the eye
Sclera Venous Sinus
Aqueous humor reabsorbed into venous blood
Glaucoma
Eye disease that causes vision loss / blindness by damaging nerve
Refracted Light
Bending of the light
Accommodation
Ability to focus specifically for close object less than 20 ft away
Convergence
Reflexive movements of the eyes medially when viewing close objects
Photopupillary Reflex
When eye is exposed to bright light the pupil constricts & prevents the light from damaging the photoreceptors
Accommodation Reflex
When the pupil constricts reflexively when you view close objects
Emmetropia
State of vision where images are correctly brought to focus on the retina
Myopia
Nearsightedness
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
Presbyopia
Farsightedness caused by elasticity of the lens in the eye which happens middle & old age
Astigmatism
Defect, when the the Cornea has different shape than normal
Mechanoreceptors
Receptors that respond to physical forces like touch or sound
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the middle ear
Ossicles
3 smallest bones in the body in the middle ear
Osseus Labyrinth
Also known as Bony Labyrinth it’s a maze of bony chambers within the temporal bone filled with perilymph
Tectorial Membrane
Gel like membrane that covers the hair bonds in the Cochlea
Perilymph
Fluid between membranous labyrinth (soft tissue) & bone that enclose it.
Membranous Labyrinth
Groups of ducts & chambers filled with endolymphatic fluid
Endolymph
Thicker fluid that is in Membranous Labyrinth
Static Equilibrium
Receptors reports position of the head when the body is at rest
Dynamic Equilibrium
Receptors report angular/rotational movements of the head
Otoliths
Tiny ear stones made of calcium salts
Basilar Membrane
The “basement” membrane in cochlear duct that vibrates to transmit sound waves & houses receptors
Chemoreceptors
Sensory cell/organ responsive to chemical stimuli
Olfactory Receptors
Receptors for sense of smell
Olfactory Hairs
Tiny hairs containing olfactory receptors that bind to odor molecules
Papilae
Peg like projections
Basal cells
Lower part of the epidermis
