Chapter 9: Cell Signaling

- Signal cell

-Signal molecule

-Responding cell

-Receptor protein

What are the 4 requirements of Signaling?

Receptor activation

Name this step in cell signaling:

-The signal binds to a receptor, which is then activated.

Signal transduction

Name this step in cell signaling:

-The signal is transmitted to the interior of the cell by a signal transduction pathway.

Response

Name this step in cell signaling:

- The cell responds, for example by activating an enzyme or turning on transcription of a gene.

Termination

Name this step in cell signaling:

- The response is terminated so that new signals can be received

Endocrine signaling

This type of cell signaling is long distance. Mainly involves molecules traveling through the blood stream.

Paracrine signaling

This type of cell signaling involves small, water-soluble signals that move to neighboring cells.

Autocrine signaling

In this type of cell signaling, the signaling and the responding cell are the same.

Contact-Dependent signaling

In this type of cell signaling, the transmembrane protein in once cell is signal, binds to receptor on another.

Intracellular receptors

This type of receptor (located in the cytoplasm) can bind to nonpolar molecules that can cross the membrane.

Cell surface receptors

This type of receptor (located on the surface) can bind polar ligands that can't cross the membrane.

- G protein-coupled receptors

-receptor kinases

-ion channels

What are the 3 types of cell surface receptors?

G Protein-Coupled Receptor

Name the cell surface receptor:

-Once a ligand binds, the receptor can bind to the G protein. This receptor is active when the ligand is bound to the receptor and the receptor has binded to the G protein

Ion Channel

Name the cell surface receptor:

-alters the flow of ions across the membrane. When the ligand binds, the channel opens and ions can flow across the cell membrane.

Receptor Kinases

Name the cell surface receptor:

- When a ligand binds, the receptor dimerizes and phosphorylates another protein.