Vocab for Martin Test Unit 5

Apartheid

A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race, historically practiced in South Africa.

Faction

A small, organized, dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics.

Animosity

Strong hostility or hatred towards someone or something.

Futility

The pointlessness or uselessness of an action or effort.

Catharsis

The process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.

Accrue

To accumulate or receive payments or benefits over time.

Obstinacy

The quality or condition of being stubborn or refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action.

Spate

A sudden outpouring or rush, often referring to a large number of events occurring in a short period.

Jockey

To maneuver or manipulate something to gain an advantage.

Encompass

To surround and have or hold within; to include.

Sprawling

Spread out over a large area in an untidy or irregular way.

Crony

A close friend or companion, often used in a context suggesting favoritism.

Harangue

A lengthy and aggressive speech or lecture.

Promiscuous

Having many sexual partners or characterized by indiscriminate sexual behavior.

Subjugate

To bring under control or domination, often by force.

Expendable

Regarded as not worth keeping or maintaining; able to be sacrificed.

Robust

Strong and healthy; vigorous.

Compendium

A collection of concise but detailed information about a particular subject.

Rebuke

To express sharp disapproval or criticism of someone because of their behavior or actions.

Buffer

A person or thing that prevents incompatible or antagonistic people or things from coming into contact with or harming each other.

Ramification

A consequence of an action or event, especially when complex or unwelcome.

Quell

To suppress or put an end to something, typically a rebellion or disorder.

Contrive

To create or bring about an object or a situation by deliberate use of skill and artifice.

Expatriate

A person who lives outside their native country.

Cosmopolitan

Familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures; worldly.

Estrange

To cause someone to be no longer close or affectionate to someone; to alienate.

Statute

A written law passed by a legislative body.

Prodigal

Spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant.

Insurrection

A violent uprising against an authority or government.

Shaman

A person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of good and evil spirits, often acting as a healer.

Pejorative

A word expressing contempt or disapproval.

Docket

A list of items to be discussed or acted upon, especially in a legal context.

Staunch

Firm and steadfast in principle or loyalty.

Temperance

Moderation or self-restraint, especially in eating and drinking.

Boisterous

Noisy, energetic, and cheerful; rowdy.

Eccentric

Unconventional and slightly strange in behavior or appearance.

Dinky

Small and insignificant; trivial.

Masquerade

A false show or pretense; to disguise oneself.

Recourse

A source of help or support in a difficult situation.

Corrugated

Shaped into alternate ridges and grooves, typically referring to materials like cardboard.

Bewitch

To cast a spell on; to enchant or charm someone.

Manifestation

An event, action, or object that clearly shows or embodies something.

Perforate

To pierce or make a hole in something.

Bereaved

Having lost someone close, especially through death.

Clique

A small, exclusive group of people.

Endear

To cause to be loved or liked.

Dilapidated

In a state of disrepair or ruin due to age or neglect.

Gallivant

To go around from one place to another in search of pleasure or entertainment.

Ostensibly

Apparently or purportedly, but perhaps not actually.

Menial

Not requiring much skill; lowly or humble work.

Marrow

The soft, fatty substance in the cavities of bones, essential for producing blood cells.

Pillage

To rob a place using violence, especially during war.

Beholden

Being under obligation to someone; indebted.

Concession

A thing that is granted, especially in response to demands.

Snippet

A small portion or extract from a larger content.

Fanfare

A public display or celebration, often involving music or a show.

Frugality

The quality of being economical with resources; thriftiness.

Sheer

Nothing other than; pure and simple.

Honorary

Given as an honor without the usual requirements or functions.

Voracious

Having a very eager approach to an activity; insatiable.

Compulsive

Resulting from or relating to an irresistible urge, especially to behave in a certain way.

Devious

Showing a skillful use of underhanded tactics to achieve goals.

Loophole

An ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rules that allows for circumvention.

Missive

A written message, especially a long or official one.

Ultimatum

A final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in retaliation.

Billow

To fill with air and swell outward; to surge or roll in waves.

Arson

The criminal act of deliberately setting fire to property.

Impulsive

Acting or done without forethought; spontaneous.

Dismally

In a gloomy or depressed manner.

Arbitrary

Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.

Lavish

Sumptuously rich, elaborate, or luxurious.

Contentious

Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.

Incensed

Very angry; enraged.

Lineage

Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry.

Affinity

A natural liking for and understanding of someone or something.

Anomaly

Something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.

Ostracism

Exclusion from a society or group.

Assimilate

To take in and understand fully; to absorb.

Taint

To contaminate or pollute something.

Barrage

A concentrated artillery bombardment over a wide area; a rapid or overwhelming outpouring of something.

Muster

To assemble or gather, especially troops for inspection or service.

Gradient

An incline or slope; the degree of steepness of a path.

Microcosm

A community, place, or situation regarded as encapsulating in miniature the qualities of something larger.

Constituent

A person who is represented by an elected official; a component part of something.

Niche

A comfortable or suitable position in life or employment.

Affliction

Something that causes pain or suffering.

Fringe

The outer, marginal, or extreme part of something.

Reprisal

An act of retaliation.

Trellis

A framework of light wooden or metal bars, used to support climbing plants.

Gist

The main or essential part of a matter.

Mogul

An important or powerful person in a particular field.

Arid

Having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation.

Scrimp

To use less money or resources than is necessary; to economize.

Inept

Having or showing no skill; clumsy.

Transpire

To occur; to happen.

Matriculate

to be enrolled at a college or university.

Bequeath

to give or leave by will (especially of personal property)

Disenfranchised

deprived of some right, privilege, or immunity

Meticulous

showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise.

Palatial

resembling a palace in being spacious and splendid.