Social Issue: Gorvernment & Society

Welfare trap

A situation where government benefits make it financially disadvantageous for a person to work.

(Bẫy phúc lợi)

"The _ occurs when a small raise in salary results in a total loss of government support."

Perpetuate poverty

cause poverty to continue for a long time, often through generations.

(Kéo dài sự nghèo đói)

"High interest rates on small loans can end up _ for vulnerable families for several centuries."

cruel irony

situation that is strange or funny because things happen in a way that seems opposite to what you expected.

(Sự trớ trêu nghiệt ngã)

"It is a _ that some people have less money after finding a job than they did while unemployed."

Battle poverty

To take strong actions to try to stop or reduce poverty.

(Đấu tranh chống lại sự nghèo đói)

"The government launched several new initiatives to _ in rural areas."

Means test

official check of somebody's wealth or income in order to decide if they are poor enough to receive money from the government

(Kiểm tra tài sản/thu nhập)

"Most social security programs are _ to ensure that aid goes to the most needy."

Qualification threshold

The specific level that a person must stay below to receive benefits.

(Ngưỡng tiêu chuẩn / Định mức điều kiện)

"Earning just one dollar over the _ can disqualify a family from receiving food stamp

Vicious cycle

A chain of bad events

(Vòng luẩn quẩn)

"Without access to affordable childcare, many parents stay trapped in a _ of unemployment."

Rational actors

People who make logical decisions based on calculating the costs and benefits of their options.

(Những cá nhân hành động có tính toán)

"Economic theories assume that people are _ who will choose the path that yields the most money."

Net benefit

The final advantage or profit after all costs have been subtracted.

(Lợi ích ròng)

"If the cost of transportation is too high, there may be no _ to taking a low-paying job."

Incentivize

encourage by offering a reward

"When welfare benefits are cut too sharply, people are not _ to seek higher-paying work."

Government assistance

Financial help provided by the government

(Sự hỗ trợ từ chính phủ)

"Thousands of families rely on _ to cover their monthly rent and utilities."

Barely get by

To have just enough money to pay for basic things.

(Sống tằn tiện/Chỉ đủ trang trải)

"Even with two jobs, many families in the city _ due to rising inflation."

On the cusp of poverty

Very close to falling into a state of being poor.

(Bên bờ vực nghèo đói)

"A sudden medical emergency can push those _ over the edge into financial ruin."

Break the cycle of poverty

To stop a situation where poverty continues from generation to generation.

(Phá vỡ vòng luẩn quẩn của sự nghèo đói)

"Investing in high-quality early education is the most effective way to _."

Universal Basic Income

(UBI)

A policy where the state provides a fixed amount of money to all citizens.

(Thu nhập cơ bản phổ quát)

"Proponents of _ argue that it provides a safety net in an era of automation."

Agency and autonomy

The ability to take action and make independent choices.

(Sự chủ động và quyền tự quyết)

"Effective social policies should respect the _ of the people they aim to help."

Phase out

To gradually stop providing or using something.

(Dần dần loại bỏ/ngắt quãng)

"The government plans to _ old subsidies as the new economic policy takes effect."

Circumvent a problem

To find a way of avoiding a difficulty or restriction.

(Né tránh/Giải quyết khéo léo một vấn đề)

"Innovative startups often find ways to _ of limited funding in developing nations."

Stable income floor

A minimum guaranteed income level that no one falls below.

(Mức sàn thu nhập ổn định)

"Creating a _ is essential to protecting citizens during global economic shifts."

Champion an idea

To strongly support or fight for a particular concept or policy.

(Ủng hộ nhiệt thành/Đấu tranh cho một ý tưởng)

"Several non-profit organizations continue to _ of affordable housing for all."

Supplement

To add something extra to improve or complete it.

(Bổ sung/Phụ trợ)

"Many workers take on freelance gigs to _ their primary wages."

Realistic or humane

Practical or kind.

(Thực tế hay nhân đạo)

"Cutting off all aid suddenly is neither _ in a modern society."

disqualify from

make someone ineligible.

(Làm cho không đủ điều kiện)

"A slight increase in monthly income might _ a family _ receiving low-income housing support."

subsidy

Financial aid from the state.

(Tiền trợ cấp / Bao cấp)

"The government introduced a new energy _ to help poor households cope with rising heating costs."

global economic shift

Large-scale financial changes.

(chuyển dịch kinh tế toàn cầu)

"The _ has caused many manufacturing jobs to move from developed cities to rural provinces."

Discrimination

Unfair treatment of groups.

(Sự phân biệt đối xử)

"Strict laws were passed to eliminate racial _ in the hiring process of large corporations."

rent and utility

Payment for housing and services.

(Tiền thuê nhà và dịch vụ điện nước)

"Low-wage workers often spend more than half of their income just to cover _ and monthly _."

subtract

To take away an amount.

(Khấu trừ / Lấy đi)

"High inflation rates effectively _ a large portion of the purchasing power from middle-class families."

yield

produce or provide

"Vocational training programs for the unemployed often _ positive results in lowering long-term poverty."

receive food stamps

To get government food aid.

(Nhận phiếu thực phẩm)

"The number of families who had to _ rose sharply during the sudden economic downturn."

the most needy

People in extreme poverty.

(Những người túng thiếu nhất)

"During the winter, the local church provides warm blankets and hot meals to _ in the neighborhood."

Domestic violence

Abuse within the home.

(Bạo lực gia đình)

"Hotlines for victims of _ saw a dramatic increase in calls during the mandatory lockdowns."

Juvenile delinquency

Crime by young people.

(Tội phạm vị thành niên)

"The local community center offers sports programs as a way to reduce _ after school hours."

Human exploitation

Treating people unfairly for profit.

(Sự bóc lột con người)

"The international task force was created to fight against _ in the illegal mining industry."

Brain drain

Loss of skilled people.

(Tình trạng chảy máu chất xám)

"Small developing nations often suffer from _ as their best doctors move to Europe for higher pay."

Substance abuse

Misuse of drugs or alcohol.

(Lạm dụng chất kích thích)

"The government is investing in rehabilitation centers to tackle the rising problem of _ in urban areas."

Corruption

Dishonest conduct by powerful.

(Nạn tham nhũng)

"Systemic _ in the construction department led to the use of low-quality materials for the new highway."

Implement policies

To put plans into action.

(Thực hiện các chính sách)

"City officials need to _ that specifically target the reduction of plastic waste in the ocean."

Tackle

= address

"The new mayor promised to _ the housing shortage by building three thousand affordable apartments."

Long-term measure

Solutions for the distant future.

(giải pháp lâu dài)

"While giving out food is helpful, providing stable jobs is one of the most effective _ against hunger."

Novel solution

New and creative idea

(giải pháp cấp tiến)

"Using vertical farming in city centers is one of the _ being tested to ensure food security."

A fresh drive

A new effort to change.

(Một nỗ lực mới)

"The Ministry of Health launched _ to encourage all citizens to participate in regular exercise."

Affirmative Action

Policies favoring marginalized.

(Chính sách ưu tiên)

"Many universities use _ to ensure that students from low-income backgrounds have a fair chance at admission."

Tip of the iceberg

A small part of a larger problem.

(phần nổi của tảng băng chìm)

"The few reported cases of fraud are just the _; the actual loss could be much higher."

Bite the bullet

To endure a difficult situation.

"The city had to _ and cut funding for local parks to fix the crumbling sewage system."

Hit the streets

To go out and protest.

(Xuống đường biểu tình)

"Thousands of citizens _ to demand immediate action against the rising cost of electricity."

Born with a silver spoon

Born into a wealthy family.

(ngậm thìa vàng/sinh ra ở vạch đích)

"He may not understand the daily struggles of the poor because he was _."

The haves and the have-nots

The rich and the poor.

"The stark contrast between _ is most visible when you compare luxury villas with nearby slums."

Throw under the bus

blame, harm sb else to take advantages

(ném gầm xe buýt)

"The politician decided to _ his assistant _ to avoid being linked to the illegal donation scandal."

escalation

An increase in the intensity or seriousness of a conflict.

(Sự leo thang)

"The sudden _ of street protests led to a nationwide state of emergency."

population explosion

A sudden and rapid increase in the number of people in an area.

(Bùng nổ dân số)

"The current _ in urban areas has put a massive strain on housing and clean water supplies."

enforce

To make sure that a law or rule is obeyed by everyone.

(Thực thi, thi hành)

"The city needs more officers to _ the ban on smoking in public parks."

deprived

Lacking the basic necessities of life such as food and shelter.

(Nghèo, thiếu thốn)

"Volunteers are working to improve educational outcomes for children from _ neighborhoods."

shortage

A situation where there is not enough of a required resource.

(Tình trạng thiếu hụt)

"The severe drought has caused a critical _ of fresh water in rural provinces."

famine

An extreme scarcity of food affecting a large number of people.

(Nạn đói)

"International aid was sent to the region to prevent a widespread _ after the crops failed."

cohabitation

The state of living together and having a relationship without being married.

(Sống thử)

"Changing social attitudes have led to a significant increase in _ among young adults."

inflation

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

(Tình trạng lạm phát)

"Rapid _ is making it difficult for low-income families to afford basic groceries."

informed

Having or showing a clear understanding of a subject or situation.

(Có hiểu biết)

"Citizens must be well _ about the impact of new policies on their local environment."

allocate money

To set aside a specific amount of funds for a particular purpose. (Đầu tư tiền vào / Phân bổ tiền) "The council decided to _ for the renovation of run-down community centers."

reckless driving

Operating a vehicle in a dangerous manner without regard for safety. (Lái xe ẩu) "The government is launching a campaign to stop _ among teenagers to reduce road accidents."

restructure the tax system

To change the organization of how taxes are collected and distributed. (Cải cách hệ thống thuế) "Economists suggest that we must _ to reduce the growing wealth gap between social classes."

uphold morals and values in the community

To maintain and support high ethical standards within a society. (Đề cao đạo đức và giá trị trong cộng đồng) "Educational programs are designed to _ and promote social harmony among different groups."

working age

The range of years during which a person is typically employed. (Tuổi lao động) "A large portion of the population is now reaching _, which could boost the national economy."

an ageing population

A demographic trend where the median age of a country rises. (Dân số đang già đi) "Countries with _ face significant challenges regarding healthcare costs and pension funds."

reduce public spending on

To decrease the amount of government money used for a specific sector. (Giảm chi tiêu ngân sách chung) "The state had to _ luxury infrastructure to focus more on the public health crisis."

introduce restrictions on

To start limiting or controlling a particular activity by law. (Áp dụng các biện pháp hạn chế) "Authorities plan to _ the sale of single-use plastics to protect the environment."

be a government priority

To be a top issue that the state considers most important to solve. (Là ưu tiên của Chính phủ) "Tackling child labor must _ if we want to improve the nation's human capital."

exert pressure on

To use influence or force to make a person or group do something. (Gây áp lực) "Environmental groups continue to _ the ministry to ban illegal logging in protected forests."

bridge the gap

To reduce the differences or disparities between two groups. (Thu hẹp khoảng cách) "New scholarships aim to _ between wealthy students and those from underprivileged families."

take measures

To take specific action in order to achieve a particular goal. (Thực hiện các biện pháp) "The police will _ to prevent juvenile delinquency in high-crime urban areas."

severe traffic congestion

A state of extreme blockage and slow movement of vehicles on roads. (Tắc đường nghiêm trọng) "The city is building a new subway system to solve the problem of _ during rush hour."

relieve pressure on

To reduce the amount of stress or demand placed on a system. (Làm giảm áp lực) "Opening new local clinics will help _ the city's overcrowded general hospitals."

pose threats to

To be a likely source of danger or harm to someone or something. (Đe doạ) "Rising sea levels _ coastal communities and the stability of the local social fabric."

inflict severe punishments

To impose strict and harsh penalties for a crime or wrongdoing. (Xử phạt nghiêm khắc) "The court decided to _ on those found guilty of human exploitation and trafficking."

put a heavy burden on

To create a serious difficulty, responsibility, or cost for a group. (Đặt gánh nặng lên) "High medical costs often _ families who are already living on the breadline."

propose legislation

To suggest a new law or a set of laws to be discussed and passed. (Đề xuất luật) "Activists are urging the senator to _ that protects refugees from social exclusion."

government spending

The total amount of money spent by the public sector. (Chi tiêu của Chính phủ) "An increase in _ on public education is essential for long-term economic growth."