Fermentation

A metabolic process that produces chemical energy from carbohydrates without the use of oxygen

The core goal of fermentation is to

Replenish NAD +

In fermentation pyruvate is ___ and NADH is ___ (oxidized or reduced)

Reduced ; oxidized

Fermentation occurs when there is:

A lack of oxygen available

Human cells and some bacteria undergo

Lactic acid fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation turns

Pyruvate into lactic acid

This fermentation is done by yeast and some bacteria

Alcohol fermentation

Alcohol fermentation turns

Pyruvate to CO2 and ethanol

Fermentation itself yields how many ATP per glucose?

0

Where does fermentation take place in the cell?

Cytoplasm

Enzyme that catalyzes lactic acid fermentation

Lactate dehydrogenase

Enzymes that catalyze alcohol fermentation

1. Pyruvate decarboxylase

2. Alcohol dehydrogenase

Lactate produced in the muscle travels through the blood to the liver, where it is converted back into Pyruvate and then into Glucose via Gluconeogenesis. This glucose is then sent back to the muscle.

This is known as the:

The Cori Cycle

Cancer cells often perform high rates of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis)

This is known as:

The Warburg Effect

These cells lack mitochondria and rely exclusively on anaerobic glycolysis for energy

Red blood cells / erythrocytes