DNA RNA PROTEIN

Adenine

One of four nitrogen-containing bases in the nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA; pairs with Thymine in DNA

Cystosine

One of four nitrogen-containing bases in the nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine.

Guanine

One of four nitrogen-containing bases in the nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA; pairs with Cytosine

Thymine

One of four nitrogen-containing bases in the nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA; pairs with Adenine

Uracil

Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine in RNA.

Chargaff's Rule

[A]=[T] and [G]=[C], they pair up across from one another forming two strands also called base pairing.

base pairing rule

the rule stating that in DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine and in RNA, adenine pairs with uracil

Deoxyribose

A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides

DNA polymerase

Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule

double helix

two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA

helicase

An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.

Mutation

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

nitrogen-containing base

a DNA nucleotide containing nitrogen, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group

replication

process of copying DNA prior to cell division

replication fork

A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.

Watson and Crick

Developed the double helix model of DNA.

Franklin and Wilkins

Used X ray diffraction to take pictures of DNA structure; discovered two forms of DNA

messenger RNA

RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm

ribose

A five-carbon sugar present in RNA

ribosomal RNA

type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes

RNA polymerase

enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template

Transcription

(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

transfer RNA

type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis