All edpuzzle for DNA RNA unit

What does DNA stand for?

deoxynucleic acid

deoxyribonucleic acid

deoxyribonucleic acid

deoxynucleic acid

Where is DNA found?

in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus

in a eukaryotic cell's membrane

in a eukaryotic cell's ribosomes

in a eukaryotic cell's nucleus

The structure of DNA (double helix) is similar to a

a whole strawberry

a twisted ladder

the letter X

a twisted ladder

DNA is composed of how many strands of nucleotides?

2

5

hundreds of thousands

2

Which safety procedures do NOT apply for this lab?

wear gloves

long hair pulled back

wear goggles

all of these safe procedures apply for this lab

all of these safe procedures apply for this lab

Why is it necessary to SMASH the plant cells?

because plants just have a cell wall

because plants have a cell wall and cell membrane

because plants just have a cell membrane

because plants have a cell wall and cell membrane

In the video, the technician mixed the strawberry parts with the "extract" solution by hand to make a slurry. Why would there be DETERGENT soap in this solution?

to lyse (break open) the cellulose cell walls

to lyse (break open) the phospholipid cell membrane and nuclear membranes

to lyse (break open) the phospholipid cell membrane and nuclear membranes

In the video, the technician mixed the strawberry parts with the "extract" solution by hand to make a slurry. Why would there be SALT (Na+Cl-) in this extract solution?

to bind to the neutral sugars on the sides of DNA and release it

bind break down the proteins (histones) to release the DNA strands

bind break down the proteins (histones) to release the DNA strands

what should begin to happen as she swirls the pipette?

the solutions mix

DNA rises to the surface of the mixture

the alcohol cools the strawberry solutions

DNA rises to the surface of the mixture

The salt water and detergent in the extraction liquid ______

assemble cellular components around the DNA

dissolve and separate cellular components around the DNA

dissolve and separate cellular components around the DNA

Which sequence below best represents what is involved in transcription and translation?

-protein --> RNA --> DNA

-RNA --> protein --> DNA

-protein --> DNA --> RNA

-DNA --> RNA --> protein

DNA --> RNA --> protein

In order to make proteins, the cell must be able to put down the correct sequence of __________________.

-nucleotides

-monosaccharides

-fatty acids

-amino acids

amino acids

Who is the chef in the process of making protein?

-DNA

-amino acids

-ribosomes

-mRNA

ribosomes

Where does transcription take place in the cell?

-ribosomes

-nucleolus

-nucleus

-cytoplasm

nucleus

Where does translation take place in eukaryotic cells?

-nucleolus

-nucleus

-ribosomes in the cytoplasm

-cell membrane

ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Which of the following is NOT one of the complementary bonding rules used in transcription, going from DNA to mRNA? (DNA nucleotide --> mRNA nucleotide)

-T --> A

-A --> U

-A --> T

-C --> G

-G --> C

A --> T

What copies the DNA into mRNA?

-DNA polymerase

-RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

Which type of RNA carries the message or information from the DNA into translation?

-mRNA

-tRNA

-rRNA

-snRNA

mRNA

Which type of RNA brings in the correct amino acid during translation?

-mRNA

-rRNA

-snRNA

-tRNA

tRNA

How many nitrogen bases make up a codon (which code for an amino acid)?

3

Which of the following is NOT directly involved in translation?

-tRNA

-RNA polymerase

-anticodon

-mRNA

-codon

-ribosome

RNA polymerase

What amino acid do all polypeptides start with?

-proline

-methionine

-cysteine

-lysine

methionine

Eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus) would use ________ to make more cells.

-binary fission (basically cloning)

-mitosis

mitosis

In Eukaryotes, during Interphase, DNA is replicated/copied during...

-G0 or GAP phase

-S phase

-G2 phase

-G1 phase

s phase

Each new DNA molecule has one OLD and one NEW strand of DNA.

This means DNA replication is...

-dispersive replication

-conservative replication

-semi-conservative replication

semi-conservative replication

Are the new strands different from the first strand?

yes

True or False: Each new DNA molecule contains half original strand and half new strand.

true

What is anti-parallel?

-the DNA strands run in the same direction

-the DNA strands run in opposite directions

the DNA strands run in opposite directions

What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?

-protein

-carbohydrate

-lipid

protein

What is the function of DNA helicase?

-put base pairs back into the DNA

-rezip or put the DNA back together

-Unzip/unwind the double helix of DNA

unzip/unwind the double helix of DNA

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

-add new base pairs to the DNA

-unwind the DNA

-cut DNA to release tension as it unwinds

add new base pairs to the DNA

Which end of the DNA strand can we add new nucleotides to?

-3' end

-5' end

3' end

Nucleotides can only be added to the building DNA strand by the ____ prime end TO the ______ end.

-3' : 5'

-5' : 3'

5' : 3'

The lagging strand requires a short segment called a primer in order to begin replication. This primer is made up of a few

-DNA nucleotides

-single strand binding proteins

-RNA nucleotides

RNA nucleotides

DNA ligase...

-connects the fragments of DNA that have been synthesized on the lagging strand

-unzips the DNA molecule

-adds new bases to the 3' end

connects the fragments of DNA tha have been synthesized on the lagging strand

DNA easy to copy in a prokaryotic cell because...

-a prokaryotic/bacteria cell has 46 individual pieces/chromosomes of DNA

-a prokaryotic/bacteria cell has a single ring of DNA

a prokaryotic/bacteria cell has a single ring of DNA

Gene regulation is necessary to

To make sure genes are always turned off

Control which genes are turned off/on

to make sure genes are always turned on

Control which genes are turned off/on

Gene Regulation is a...

mechanisms that act to induce or repress the expression of a gene

process of protein making

process where a gene is replicate

mechanisms that act to induce or repress the expression of a gene

True or False: Transcription factors can only increase transcription.

false

Operon is

functioning unit of RNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter

functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter

functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter

What type of organic molecule is an enzyme?

protein

Proteins are made of amino acids that are in a specific sequence that is determined by...

the mRNA codon sequence.

the DNA's double helix.

the location of the ribosome.

the mRNA codon sequence.

One example of gene regulation is when the cells of our eyes do not produce hydrochloric acid the way that the cells of our stomach do.

true

RNA polymerase function to

synthesize mRNA molecules from a DNA template by a process called transcription

synthesize a complementary DNA strand from a DNA template strand by a process called replication

synthesize mRNA molecules from a DNA template by a process called transcription

Transcription is a process where

protein is formed from mRNA

mRNA is formed from DNA

mRNA is formed from DNA

RNA Polymerase is a(n):

sugar or carbohydrate.

enzyme.

enzyme

A promoter is...

a region of DNA where transcription of a gene is initiated

a region of DNA where transcription of a gene is terminated

a region of DNA where transcription of a gene is initiated

Operator gene is...

a segment of DNA where the repressor protein binds to, thereby preventing the transcription of certain gene

a segment of DNA where the RNA polymerase bind to, thereby allowing the transcription of certain gene

a segment of DNA where the repressor protein binds to, thereby preventing the transcription of certain gene

What is the function of repressor protein?

Prevent protein synthesis

Turns off the expression of one or more genes

Block the RNA polymerase

Prevent protein synthesis

Turns off the expression of one or more genes

Block the RNA polymerase

When a repressor is bound to the operator,

RNA Polymerase can create mRNA.

the RNA Polymerase cannot transcribe the instructions for making a protein.

the RNA Polymerase cannot transcribe the instructions for making a protein.

Lac operon is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in E.coli and many other enteric bacteria.

true

When lactose is absent, the repressor....

binds to the operator.

unable to bind to the operator.

binds to the operator

Lactase (the enzyme that digests lactose) will be produced...

when lactose is absent.

when lactose is present.

when lactose is present.

What does lactose do if it's present in the cell?

it binds to the operator so the lactase genes don't get transcribed

It activates the repressor enabling the repressor to create lactase.

it binds to the repressor allowing the transcription of mRNA instructions for making lactase.

it binds to the repressor allowing the transcription of mRNA instructions for making lactase.

The presence of this molecule determines if the lactase gene gets transcribed?

operator

promoter

repressor

lactose

lactose

What was extracted from the blood in the mosquito?

Dinosaur DNA

cloning agent

Dinosaur HIV

dinosaur DNA

Why is DNA so important?

It turns oxygen in to sugar so you have energy

It controls your traits and your cells can't function without it

It is the exact same as everyone elses DNA

it controls your traits and your cell can't function without it

Which of your cells have all of your DNA code?

Only hair cells

All of your cells

Heart and skin cells

All of your cells

What type of biomolecule is DNA?

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic Acid

Carbohydrate

Nucleic Acid

What is the building block of a nucleic acid called?

carbohydrate

polymer

nucleotide

nucleotide

How many parts are there in a nucleotide?

4

10

3

1

3

What does the "D" in DNA stand for?

Deoxyribose sugar

Deoxyribose lipid

Deoxyribose protein

deoxyribose sugar

What makes up the DNA "backbone?"

Sugar and oxygen

Bone and blood

Sugar and Phosphate

sugar and phosphate

What 3 things make up a Nucleotide?

Phosphate, oxygen and stars

Phosphate, sugar and base

Sugar and base

Base, sugar and nucleotides

phosphate sugar and base

Which part of the nucleotide codes for your traits?

bases

sugars

phosphates

bases

What are the letters that represent the 4 bases?

A, T, C, G

A, C, O, G

A, T, B, M

ATCG

What pairs with base A?

G

C

T

T

What pairs with base G?

C

A

T

C

How many strands does DNA have?

2

1

3

4

2

Where in your cells is DNA found?

nucleus

lysosome

sugar

nucleus

What role does the nitrogen bases play?

code for your traits

cure diseases

give you energy

code for your traits