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According to Martin Seligman (New Era of Positive Psychology TED Talk), what does a "good life" mean?

"Knowing what your highest strengths are... then re-crafting your life to use them as much as you possibly can.

Britney Spears is wealthy and successful but is not content with her life. What type of well-being does she have?

High OBJECTIVE, Low SUBJECTIVE

Compared to other forms of wellbeing, these domains are often at odds:

Positive well-being vs. negative well-being
Pleasure vs. meaning

How is subjective well-being judged?

It is judged by the person themselves
- if someone is happy and feels life is going well, they have high subjective well being

If you have a paid-off house, car, steady income, and successful relationship, you might say that you have high ____ well-being.

Objective

Joseph is a college student. He really likes what he studies. He lives in an off-campus apartment with friends, but he has a hard time keeping up with rent and paying for groceries. Nonetheless, he values his friends, and he's grateful for his life. Which of the following levels of wellbeing best fit Joseph?

Low Objective

High subjective

According to Kaufman's article, which of the following is true?

Happiness and meaning- strongly correlated but sometimes have to trade off happiness for meaning- "parenthood paradox"

Negative emotions sometimes have benefits, but they often do more harm than good. Which of the following best describes when negative emotions are not beneficial

when negative emotions are at the wrong times or out of proportion; when you don't know how to properly regulate your emotions

The following are statements about the general sources of people's sense of well-being. Which best describes what is thought to be the sources with the greatest impact?

Relationships, life circumstances

Behavior: ALTRUISM helping others increases sense of meaning and happiness

Cognitions: Practicing gratitude

Motivational: Pursuing Goals

UConn students go to women's basketball games because they have so much fun and pleasurable. And look, the team just won another basketball game, and the students are in the stands jumping up and down, screaming with joy. Which two dimensions of well-being does this situation best illustrate

Positive well-being, affective well-being,

What is an example of high cognitive well-being?

Satisfied in relationships, job satisfaction, life satisfaction OVERALL

DIFFERENT from affective which is simply the positive emotions you feel and the frequency you feel them

What is objective well-being?

Material well-being
- objective conditions such as income, safety, education, environment, civil rights

What type of well-being is education, food security, water, having a nice house and nice things

Objective well being

When someone feels they have high internal self-satisfaction, they are demonstrating...

High subjective well being, High cognitive well being

Which is the best example of eudaemonia? You feel good because:

Something with a sense of purpose; developing one's potential, eulogy virtues, self-discovery

our friend down the hall is doing great in all their classes. When you compare yourself to them as a student, you think worse of yourself. Which aspect of well-being is most affected in this scenario?

Cognitive/ subjective well being is impacted because despite how good you may actually be doing, you feel as if you are not doing well.

According to "Happiness Across the Lifespan", older people are more satisfied and happier in life because

They tend to focus on the more positive aspects of life
- they have a higher sense of meaning and also they are coming closer to death, which makes you appreciate life and want to live it the best you can.

According to Bell (2019) in her article "Happiness Across the Life Span", which people tend to be the least happy?

Younger adults (approx 20-40) because of a high amount of life stressors (ex. finding a job, taking care of kids, etc.)

According to "the Nordic Exceptionalism", which of the following is an attribute that most promotes happiness in Nordic countries?

Having their basic needs mets through welfare, a democratic society, low crime rates, and trust in governmental institutions

Chinese are more likely to experience mixed emotions - both positive and negative - during the day than Americans due to ________.

individualistic (US) vs collectivist (China) views of self

How do intentional actions relate to one's happiness?

The more things we do intentionally that make us happy (ex. practice gratitude, exercise, get enough sleep) the more happiness we will feel generally.

If you were to graph well-being against age, the line would reflect a _____ curve.

U-shaped

The phenomena of maintaining positive thoughts, language, and recall refers to:

Positivity Bias (Pollyanna principle)

Which of the following is NOT a determinant of well-being as described by the Sustainable Happiness Model?

The three are life circumstances, a set point (genetic and inherent predispositions), Intentional activities

What is most true about happiness inequality?

It is dependent on subjective well being. Women have more anxiety, depression, fearfulness, more mental health problems
White people are generally happier
Older people happier

Which of the following demographic groups averages the highest levels of happiness?

Older people: approx ages 65-79

Which of the following statements about happiness in America is most true?

Highly correlated with objective well being (income, health, education)
- happiest states are Hawaii, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, Utah

Which of the following statements best describes the objective conditions of well-being in the world today?

Income, health, education, food security, safety, etc.

Which types of countries tend to have the highest level of subjective well-being worldwide?

Nordic Countries, for reasons listed above
- high autonomy, and government ethicality

Extrinsic goals are most closely related to:

They usually depend on the external approval and rewards from others (or avoided punishment)
- money, status, image, fame, appearance

Fogg, in his model of behavior change, summarizes that B=MAT. What does this mean?

Behavior = motivation, ability, and the trigger

If Kayleigh sets the goal of getting an A on her Accounting Final, what kind of goal is that?

Outcome Goal: Where one wants to end up eventually
- The focus on the end-point of an event

John decides to read 2 pages of a book every night for a week. Then the next week he will read 4 pages every night. This is an example of a/an:

Tiny Habit OR Process/Approach Goal

Kelly wants to lose 25 pounds by her high school reunion so that her classmates think she looks as good as she did in high school. This is an example of a(n)...

Extrinsic goal because these goals aim for reward from others (Kelly's reward would be her classmates thinking she looks good)

Putting junk food out of sight is an example of _________.

Avoidance goal:

Suppose that you wanted to make a habit of eating vegetables with every dinner. According to what you learned about habit formation, what would be the more effective way of developing this habit?

Form a tiny habit: eat veggies with dinner one night a week and gradually increase

Suppose that you wanted to study hard for your midterm in Spanish next week. Based on the research of Gollwitzer, what would be a smart strategy?

Make an "if-then" plan"He made students write an essay on how they wanted to spend Christmas right before break. Half were told to make a plan. 
- Those without a plan: 32% did it
- Those with a plan: 71% did it.
- if I study for an hour, then I can go on my phone for 10 minutes"

What are the 3 parts to setting goals?

- make specific goals
- make BIG goals
- write down goals

What are the 3-steps to a habit?

1. Cue/Trigger
2. A patterned behavior (routine)
3. Reward

What is an example of an intrinsic goal?

Personal Growth for the sake of your own happiness, not for approval from other

What is the best way to set goals effectively?

Realistic/Achievable: associate with another part of your daily routine(ex. after bathroom, pushups)

Which of the following correctly describes tiny habits?

dentifying a larger behavior you want to change, start doing one small aspect of it, do it until it is a habit

Add on more of the behavior, and continue until it is fully instituted

After I do____, I will ______.I will celebrate/ reward myself by ________.

Which of the following is NOT a good rule of thumb when making goals

Just do it" mentality

Which of the following is one of main benefits for creating habits out of the activities that are most important to us?

Overall higher well being and meaning
- Easier to implement when it has personal meaning

Which of the following is something that a professor might do to get you to form the habit of participating in class?

Bring energy to the class that will feed off the students, Might give a reward for participation so you have an incentive to do so

Which of the following is the best example of a tiny habit 

doing one push up time u go to the bathroom

Carol Dweck makes the case that saying "not yet" can help us develop a growth mindset. Why is this?

Using "Not yet" as a grade instead on "failure" emphasizes a growth mindset because even though you may not have quite met the mark, it shows there is always room for improvement

Daisy is afraid she might fail her final in chemistry. Which of the following reasons for this possible failure fits best with a FIXED mindset?

She may think she is "just not good at chemistry"
- Others succeeding around her makes her feel threatened rather than motivating
- Feels like even if she studies it will not help her

If Nick decides to master playing guitar, which principle of from the 10,000 hours research by Ericcson should he follow?

• DELIBERATE practice

•  focus on improving skills already known
  - broaden the scope of your knowledge by exploring new areas.

Sarah did not do well on her math test. Sarah cries to her friend Emma saying she doesn't get it, but Emma reassures her by saying that she doesn't get it yet. Sarah has.

Sarah: fixed mindset thinks she doesnt get math 

Emma: growth mindset 

To develop a growth mindset, you should...

Change self-talk,  Change your expectations,  Be open to failure 

What are ways that you can develop a growth mindset?

embrace challenges, learn from mistakes, focus on effort, seek feedback

What characteristics define grit?

Perseverance + Sustained Effort

Long-term Commitment + Motivation

Which of the following does notreflect a growth mindset? Believing that:

You will never get better at math

Which of the following does Ericcson most emphasize in becoming an expert

Pushing yourself into discomfort consistently
- Start early/young
- DELIBERATE practice

Which of the following examples best illustrates Duckworth's concept of grit?

Whichever option shows the most perseverance through challenges/ failure

Which of the following situations corresponds to a growth mindset?

Understanding that you may sturggle but you can one day grow in an area

Your friend believes that nothing in his life is going right or that nothing in his life is going to change. You only think that your academics are the only thing going unchangeable in your life. Your friend is showing an example of a __________ mindset while you are showing a _________ mindset.

friend: fixed you: partial growth

According to the reading "The Moral Muscle", what are the two most desirable traits by far?

Intelligence AND Self- Control

Baumeister's article on willpower describes a study of judges and parole decisions. Suppose that we applied the logic of this study's findings to dating. Assuming that deciding to accept a date is a difficult decision, when would be the best time to ask out someone you don't know well on a date?

In the morning, or directly after them being re-energized
- study showed it was easier to make a difficult decision when the person is well energized and linked to glucose levels

In Baumeister's classic study, what was the impact of not eating cookies?

These participants gave up on the preceding test far faster
- their willpower/self-control had been depleted from resisting the temptation of eating the cookies

In Self Control: The Moral Muscle, Baumeister points out that deficiency or adequacy of this nutrient is associated with changes in willpower

GLUCOSE

Is it possible to increase self-control levels?

Yes, eating well, exercising, good sleep. improved through practice

Low self-control is most attributed to...

Ineffective or poor socialization as children.  Results from parents with low self-control or low socioeconomic conditions

Those on trial ____ are more likely to be granted a harsher sentence because of their judge's willpower.

Just prior to lunch break OR at the end of the day

Walter Mischel conducted a test with marshmallows. What did he measure with this test?

He measured how well the children could delay immediate gratification to receive greater rewards in the future-self control

What are the two components of the Resource Model?

Willpower levels are finite

There is one reservoir of willpower

What is "ego depletion"?

hat self-control or willpower is a limited resource and depletes when used.

What is true about willpower?

It is the ability to delay gratification, resisting short-term temptations in order to meet long-term goals

Which of the following is not associated with increased self-control?

Lack of sleep, Hunger, fatigue

Which of the following methods would notbe a good way to increase your state-level of self-control?

Self-control increases with age

Which of the following most describes trait self-control?

Long term characteristic of an individual that shows through their behavior, actions and feelings
- Variation is across-person, not within person
- e.g., she's a happy person

Which of the following wastes self-control?

The more it is used (time)

Anna always makes Zac's lunch for work and Zac loves it, but Anna feels like Zac doesn't really do things like that for her. In Anna's perspective, this is an example of ...

a transactional relationship

Forgiveness is best described as

A conscious, deliberate decision to release feelings of resentment or vengeance toward a person or group who has harmed you, regardless of whether they actually deserve your forgiveness

Jim does something nice for Mary, so Mary feels thankful. Then, her gratitude inspires her to try to make sure Jim feels good in return, and then they both feel positive about their relationship. What is this an example of?

practice of gratitude in a relationship

What are the basic components of gratitude?

POWER THANK YOU
- recognition: saying what they did for you
- Acknowledgement: saying how what they did impacted you positively
- Appreciation: Saying thank you!

What is a power thank you

First, describe what they did that helped you. Highlight the time, resources, attention, it cost
2. Second, explain how it benefited you. Could be emotional, materially, instrumentally, etc...
3. Third, tell them how this makes you feel

Which of the following is the best example of a tailwind (as it relates to gratitude)?

• When you do not notice things working in your favor

• gratitude is when you finally acknowledge tailwinds

Which of the following statements best exemplifies gratitude?

Gratitude is a feeling
- A positive emotion
- A feeling of appreciation for what one receives

Which of the following statements best summarizes the areas of life impacted by gratitude (as described in class)?

Better Relationships, Physical Health, sleep, mental health, happier, rewires brain. Changes our perceptions of the impacts of life events/ how we respond to stressors.

Which of the following was notpart of Emmon's experimental study of gratitude, as discussed in class?

Those that wrote 5 things that they were grateful for in the past week vs writing down hassles were 25% happier, fewer health complaints, 1.5 hours of exercise, positive effects for 6 months

Which type of gratitude does Sara Algoe emphasize in her research?

"Cultivated gratitude", the gratitude people have for other people in their lives,Which of the following statements best summarizes the areas of life impacted by gratitude (as described in class)?

Why are gratitude and forgiveness so impactful?

improves well-being for everyone

Which of the following statements best summarizes the areas of life impacted by gratitude (as described in class)?

Emotional, personality, health, career, relationships (very broad)Which of the following statements best exemplifies gratitude?

Which of the following statements best exemplifies gratitude?

Power thank yous, reinterpreting negative events