EXAM I HEARING TESTS

audiology birthplace

WWII military hospitals

Parents of audiology

Otology, speech language pathology

Father of audiology

Raymond Carhart

Unit of frequency

Hz

Unit of Pressure

Pa

Unit of Force

Newton (N)

Impedance

resistance to the flow of energy, combining resistance and reactance in a syste

dB SPL

referenced to 20 µPa; used to measure actual sound pressure in ai

dB HL

referenced to average normal hearing; used in audiograms to show hearing thresholds.

dB SL

measures sound relative to a person’s threshold; used in testing speech or tones above threshold.

longitudinal wave

a wave where particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of wave trave

Transverse wave

a wave where particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

Measurable attributes of a soundwave

Frequency, amplitude, phase

Psychological correlates of physical soundwave attributes

Pitch, loudness

What is number 1

Helix

What is number 2

Antihelix

What is number 3

Antitragus

What is number 4

Fossa

What is number 5

Concha

What is number 6

Tragus

What is number 7

Lobule

Air bone gap

the difference between air conduction and bone conduction hearing thresholds.

What does an air bone gap suggest

a gap indicates a conductive hearing loss, meaning sound is not efficiently conducted through the outer or middle ear

Otoscopy landmarks

Manubrium, umbo, cone of light, annulus

From 1-4, what quadrants are these?

Posterior superior, posterior inferior, anterior inferior, anterior superior

What is number one?

Cone of light

What is number two?

Umbo

What is number three?

Annulus

What is number four?

Malleus

Rinne test

Compares air vs bone conduction

Weber test

Checks lateralization

Bing test

Tests occlusion effect, negative result indicates conductive loss

Talk forward button

Lets clinician talk to client

Frequency selector switch

changes the pitch of the tone presented

Attenuator

Controls intensity of sound

Interrupter switch

Controls duration of signal

Output transducer

Converts oscillator electric energy to acoustic or vibratory energy

Interval size of standard frequencies on an audiogram

250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz

Squares on an audiogram

5 dB on y axis and one octave on x axis

x axis of audiogram

Frequency from low to high

Y axis of audiogram

loudness from soft to loud

which ear do we test first

worse ear, in lieu of that right ear

frequencies tested in order

1000, 2000, 3000, 6000, 4000, 8000, 1000, 500, 250

What is PTA

Pure tone average, average of hearing thresholds

How is PTA measured

Averaging air conduction thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000 hz

When do you use 2 frequencies for PTA

One of the three frequencies is significantly worse

Threshold

the softest level of sound a person can hear at least 50% of the time during testing.

false positive

Raising hand even when they cannot hear anything

False negative

They can hear but do not respond

BC vs AC

BC is always better or equal

Calibration checks

Daily listening checks, behavioral checks, electroacoustic checks

Electroacoustic calibration technique

Set audiometer to 70 dB, check 70 dB + RETSPLs for earphones and RETFLs for bone vibrators

Pros and cons of forehead transducer placement

Easier to place, less variable results, more comfortable— con is that greater intensity is required to stimulate normal thresholds

Pinna disorders

Anotia, microtia, trauma to pinna, cancer

External auditory canal disorders

Atresia, stenosis, external otitis, excessive cerulean, collapsing ear canal

Tympanic membrane disorders

Perforations