French and Spanish history

French Rococo

A style of classical art that evolved from the Baroque originating in France in 1720. Distinguished by fanciful carved spatial forms and elaborate, profuse design of shellwork and foliage. From the words rocaille and cocaille meaning rock work and shell work respectively.

The Age of Enlightenment

The 18th Century; characterized by a belief in the supremacy of human reason and the centrality of the natural science inherited and advanced by its philosophers.

Rococo Art

1) gentle and playful style, 2) pastel colors, 3) asymmetric.

Antoine Watteau

A Rococo painter from Flanders. Works: A pilgrimage to the Island Cythera, The Dance.

Jean Honore Fragonard

A Rococo painter known for his frivolous erotic themes. Work: Happy Accidents of The Swing.

William Hogarth

A Rococo painter who took contemporary manners and social conventions as the subject of his satire.

Thomas Gainsborough

A Rococo English painter of portraits, landscapes and fancy pictures. Work: Blue Boy.

Clodion

A French Rococo sculptor especially noted for his works in terracotta.

Petit Trianon

A French Rococo chateau made for Madame de Pompadour (mistress of Louis XV) located on the grounds of the Palace of Versailles.

Nicolas Pineau

A French Rococo carver characterized by shallow recesses with rounded corners and ornamentation using shell motifs and leafy scrolls.

Rottenbuch Church Germany

A French Rococo Church in an Augustinian monastery in Germany.

Catherine Palace

An example of French Rococo architecture in St. Petersburg.

Neoclassicism (French Neoclassic period)

Characterized by the widespread use of Greek and Roman orders and decorative motifs. It is strongly geometric composition, and the frequent shallowness of relief in ornamental treatment of facades.

Classicism (French Neoclassic period)

The principles or style characteristic of the CULTURE, ART, LITERATURE of ancient Greece and Rome.

Classical Revival (French Neoclassic period)

Art and architecture in the style of ancient Greece and Rome, as that of the Italian Renaissance and the neoclassical movements in England and the U.S.A. During the reign of Napolean (ancien regime)

Neoclassic Art

Supportive of the French Revolution. Usually features a linear style and sharp outlines

Jacques Louis David

Art Director of Napoleon. Recorded the horrors of the period, mythology, and Napoleonic exploits. Works: The Oath of Horatii, The Death of Socrates.

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

A Classicist painter known for richness in colors and textures with smooth, highly finished "Academic" painting. Work: The Grande Odalisque.

Nicolas Poussin

Greatest of the French Classicists. He sought the ideals of form and subject matter of landscapes with figures.

Jean Baptiste Chardin

Known for beautifully textured still lives. He was a realist painter of down-to-earth genre scenes.

Antonio Canova

A sculptor who displays the sweeping grandeur and idealization of the Neoclassic style.

Neoclassic Architecture

1) classical restraint resurfaced, 2) purely Greek, purely Roman ir a Greco-Roman hybrid

Temple Style

A style of Neoclassic Architecture building that features a design based on ancient temples.

Palladian

A style of Neoclassic Architecture derived from the villas of Andrea Palladio.

Classical Block

Also known as the Beaux-Arts Style. Features a vast rectangular plan with a flat roof and an exterior rich in classical detail.

The Madeleine, Paris

Intended as a Pantheon ordered by Napoleon; imitates a Greek colonnaded temple with a Roman style podium.

Church of Les Invalides by Bruant and Mansart

French Neoclassic home and hospital for aged and unwell soldiers; on the north front of Les Invalides. Remodeled by Louis Le Van. Patterned after a Greek Cross Plan with the famous dome derived from St. Peter's

Elizabethan Period

Followed the Tudor style. Characteristics include versions of the Dutch Gable and Flemish strap works in geometric designs.

Inigo Jones

Introduced Renaissance Classicism into England; Royal Architect influenced by Andrea Palladio.

Hardwick Hall

Features numerous large mullioned windows (English Renaissance) and an Italian Loggia.

Queen's House

Inigo Jones - Palladian style house

English Baroque

Had Charles III as its patron; associated with lavish ostentation similar to Louis XIV.

St. Paul's Cathedral

The largest cathedral in England by Christopher Wren; the dome is an adapted version of Bramante's Tempietto.

Chatsworth House

Largest country house in England built during the English Baroque period- Bess of Hardwick & Sir William Cavendish

Gregorian Architecture

The design of manors planned as simple symmetrical square or rectangular blocks with or without wings.

Mudejar

A Spanish sub-style featuring the architecture of the Moors who remained in Christian territory.

Renaissance/Plateresco

Spanish Renaissance style with extremely decorated facades resembling the work of silversmiths (plateros).

Desornamentado

A period of austere Spanish Renaissance style that insists on minimum ornamentation (Juan de Herrera).

El Greco

Spain's principal Mannerist; painted austere religious subjects with mystical and melancholic effects.

Juan De Herrera & Diego de Siloe

Prominent Spanish Renaissance artists

University of Salamanca

Architectural landmark during the Spanish Renaissance period known for its plateresque facade

The Escorial

Historical residence of the King of Spain; planned by Juan Bautista de Toledo and completed by Juan De Herrera.

Granada Cathedral

Plataresuqe design built by de Siloe

Baroque/Churrigueresque Style

The Golden Age of Spanish Art; architecture used extremely rich ornamentation, spirals, and stucco shells.

Diego Velasquez

Leading Spanish Baroque artist and royal painter to Philip IV. Work: Las Meninas.

Francisco Goya

Spanish Baroque court painter; known for poignant depictions of brutality. Work: The Executions of the Third of May 1808.

Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

Spanish Baroque landmark. At the front of the Baroque facade of the original Romanesque cathedral, a golden mollusk shell adorns the altar.

The Transparente

Toledo cathedral by Churiguerra - Spanish Baroque