Integumentary System

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and accessory structures

accessory structures of integumentary system

sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair and nails

cutaneous membrane

another name for skin

three layers of skin

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

epidermis

outermost layer of skin

dermis

middle layer of skin

hypodermis

loose connective tissue layer of skin below the dermis

functions of the skin

protection, thermoregulation, cutaneous sensation, storage of chemical compounds, excretion of waste, synthesis of compounds

hair functions/structure

functions: protection, thermoregulation, sensation

structures: shaft, root, cuticle

nails functions/sturctures

functions: protection, increasing sensitivity

structures: nail body, free edge, matrix, cuticle, lunula

receptors

make it possible for body surface to act as a sense organ, relay messages to the brain

Lamellar (Pacini) corpuscle

detects pressure deep in the dermis

Tactile (Meissner) corpuscle

detects light touch

sebaceous gland

oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles

sweat gland

The glands that secrete sweat, located in the dermal layer of the skin.

arrector pili muscle

An involuntary muscle fiber attached to the underside & base of the hair follicle

skin cancer

abnormal growth of skin cells

signs of skin cancer

Asymmetry

Border

Color

Diameter

Evolution

Abrasian

Scrape of the skin due to something abrasive

laceration

a cut, tear

puncture

a deep hole made by a sharp object such as a nail

Avulsion

An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap.

first degree burn

A mild burn characterized by heat, pain, and reddening of the burned surface but not exhibiting blistering or charring of tissues - only epidermis is effected

second degree burn

A burn marked by pain, blistering - affects both epidermis and dermis

third degree burn

involves destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer

fourth degree burn

burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged

stratum corneum

outermost layer of epidermis

stratum lucidum

a layer of the epidermis found only in the thick skin of the fingers, palms, and soles

stratum granulosum

a layer of the epidermis that marks the transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata

stratum spinosum

a layer of the epidermis that provides strength and flexibility to the skin

stratum basale

deepest layer of epidermis

Keratinocytes

The most abundant epidermal cells, they function mainly to produce keratin.

Melanocytes

cells that produce melanin

Langerhans cells

epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

Merkel's cells

detect light touch and superficial pressure

papillary layer

Outermost layer of the dermis, directly underneath the epidermis; made of loose connective tissue

reticular layer

Deeper layer of the dermis; made of dense connective tissue

hair shaft

visible part of the hair

hair follicle

a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair

serous membrane

Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body

mucous membrane

Membrane that secretes mucus that lubricates the surface of organs and keeps them moist.

parietal portion

serous membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity

visceral portion

serous membrane that covers the surface of organs found in the body cavity

synovial membrane

The lining of a joint that secretes synovial fluid into the joint space.

synovial fluid

joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

rule of nines

A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area.