chapter 12a apush quiz

a

Why was the South on the cutting edge of the Market Revolution by 1840?
a. It produced and exported over two-thirds of the world’s cotton supply.
b. Planters were using European immigrants as industrial workers.
c. Planters were building factories to process cotton.
d. Southern society was dominated by free labor.

c

Which of the following statements characterizes the cotton planter class in Alabama,
Mississippi, and Texas in the mid-nineteenth century?
a. Planters lived in elegant mansions.
b. Planters embraced the cultured gentility of the Chesapeake region.
c. The goal of the planter class was to make money.
d. Planters refused to do physical labor on plantations.

b

The U.S. federal government participated in the expansion of slavery during the early to
mid-1800s through which of the following?
a. The American Colonization Society
b. The Indian Removal Act
c. The international slave trade
d. The inland system

c

Which of these factors explained the surplus of slaves in the Chesapeake region in the early
nineteenth century?
a. Chesapeake planters’ hesitancy to work their slaves too hard
b. The profitability of the international slave trade
c. Population growth through natural reproduction
d. The rapid contraction of the region’s tobacco market

c

Which of the following areas is correctly matched with its primary crop?
a. Chesapeake—rice
b. Carolina low country—hemp
c. Louisiana—sugar
d. Kentucky and Tennessee—cotton

c

Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the southern cotton
industry?
a. Native Americans formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers.
b. Immigrants formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers.
c. African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long.
d. African American slaves were unable to escape the labor system due to planter
violence.

c

Which factor led to planters’ need to smuggle slaves into the country rather than import them
legally?
a. A Supreme Court ruling
b. State legislation
c. Congressional legislation
d. Missouri’s application for statehood

d

Why did a labor crisis develop in the Cotton South in the first few decades of the 1800s?
a. Americans sent thousands of slaves to Africa, creating a shortage of slave labor.
b. Disease killed tens of thousands of slaves every year in the Deep South.
c. Patriot planters had gradually emancipated their slaves after the Revolutionary
War.
d. Planters heading west needed many new slaves to clear, plant, and harvest the
land.

d

How did planters attempt to resolve a labor crisis in the cotton South in the early nineteenth
century?
a. By refusing to take part illegally in the international slave trade
b. By resorting to buying slaves from the British in Canada
c. By beginning to import European peasant immigrants as servants
d. By buying domestic slaves from the Chesapeake region

c

Which of the following statements characterizes the domestic slave trade in the nineteenth
century?
a. The market for domestic slaves declined during the early 1800s.
b. The domestic slave trade was outlawed by Congress in 1807.
c. The domestic market brought wealth to American traders.
d. It included thousands of Native Americans held as slaves.

b

The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion?
a. A wave of European immigration to the South
b. The redistribution of the African American population
c. The beginnings of a manumission movement in the South
d. An increase in the legal importation of slaves

a

By 1860, the majority of African Americans lived and worked as slaves in which of the
following regions?
a. Deep South
b. Upper South
c. Midwest
d. Northeast

b

Why was the domestic slave trade crucial to the southern economy?
a. The trade provided Native American slaves to the southern economy.
b. The trade provided tens of thousands of new workers to build plantations.
c. It provided a new source of income for Virginians who had abandoned tobacco
cultivation.
d. The trade encouraged thousands of free blacks to move to the Lower South.

d

The domestic slave trade affected the African American family unit before 1865 by
a. destroying the sense of family.
b. separating adults but not children from their families.
c. destroying 75 percent of black marriages.
d. separating family members through sale and trade.

b

Which of the following statements was true of the American South in 1860?
a. Most slaves lived in the Upper South.
b. The vast majority of southern white families did not own any slaves.
c. Most slaves did not have stable families.
d. Most whites in the South who did not own slaves were opposed to slavery.

a

Which of the following attributes of American society did the planter aristocracy in the South
value highly in the mid-nineteenth century?
a. Inequality
b. Egalitarian society
c. Professional politicians
d. Universal suffrage

a

Which of the following statements characterizes the planter elite of the Upper South in the
early and mid-1800s?
a. Many elite planters considered themselves benevolent masters.
b. Tidewater planters frequently questioned the morality of the domestic slave trade.
c. Planters’ embrace of republicanism weakened plantation aristocracy.
d. Rice planters, in particular, valued Jeffersonian republican simplicity.

a

Which of these statements describes Southern rice planters of the mid-nineteenth century?
a. They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy.
b. Rice planters avoided selling slaves or working slaves harshly.
c. Rice planters occupied the bottom rung of the plantation aristocracy.
d. They lived only in the Upper South.

b

Which of these statements describes the planter aristocrats who lived in the cotton-growing
regions of the South in the mid-nineteenth century?
a. Cotton planters consciously rejected the luxurious lifestyles adopted by the
rice-growing aristocracy.
b. Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social
system.
c. Planter aristocrats in the Cotton Belt emphasized the hypocrisy of their
Chesapeake counterparts.
d. Cotton-planting aristocrats increasingly avoided interference in the lives of their
slaves.

c

The notion of slavery as a “necessary evil” and a “positive good” was supported by which
idea?
a. In a slave-owning society, every free man is an aristocrat.
b. Slavery gave whites the psychological satisfaction of knowing they ranked above
blacks.
c. Slavery allowed a civilized lifestyle for whites and cared for genetically inferior
blacks.
d. Whites educated and Christianized slaves in return for their love, labor, and
loyalty.

c

In the cotton-growing regions of the South, which of the following was true of the gang-labor
system of work?
a. It allowed slaves to work individually and at their own pace.
b. The labor system was primarily used on plantations with twenty or fewer slaves.
c. Gang-labor depended upon the work of white overseers and black drivers.
d. The system controlled slave laborers without the use of violent discipline or
punishment.

d

Which of the following statements describes the institution of slavery in the
nineteenth-century South?
a. The percentage of white slave-owning families continually increased between 1800
and 1860.
b. Throughout the nineteenth century, most white southerners owned some slaves.
c. Slave gangs proved to be less efficient than those who worked more
independently.
d. About 5 percent of southern whites owned 50 percent of the South’s slave
population.

b

Smallholding planters in the nineteenth-century South owned about how many slaves, on
average?
a. None
b. One to five
c. Eight to ten
d. Fifteen to twenty

b

Which of the following statements describes the class of propertyless whites living in the
South in the mid-nineteenth century?
a. Propertyless whites directly benefited from the institution of slavery.
b. They worked hard physical jobs as day laborers and enjoyed little respect from
other whites.
c. Planters courted their loyalty by providing gifts and small favors to their families.
d. Propertyless whites were free but lived in conditions worse than that of many
slaves.

c

Which of these factors created a major economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to
improve their lot in the mid-nineteenth-century South?
a. Competition from immigrant labor
b. Export taxes on their products
c. The cotton revolution
d. Poor distribution networks

d

Which of these groups accounted for the largest percentage of the white population in the
mid-nineteenth-century Cotton South?
a. Plantation owners
b. Middling planters
c. Yeoman farmers
d. Tenant farmers and day laborers