Unit 5 - Which factors affect the human body?

Health definition

Health is the complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing.

Aims of WHO

Promote health Keep the world safe Serve the vulnerable

Probiotics definition + examples

Probiotics are live microorganisms that give health benefits to the host when consumed in adequate amounts. They help maintain a healthy balance of gut flora.

lactobacillus (yogurt) bifidobacterium (dairy)

Pathogen definition + examples

Pathogens are microscopic organisms that can cause diseases to the host organism.

virsues, fungi, parasites

Definition of host

Living thing that shelters another living thing

parasite definition + examples

Parasites are organisms that lives on or in its hosts and benefits by taking nutrients at the other's expense.

fleas, ticks, and leeches

Budding definition + examples

Budding is a type of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism. Offspring is genetically identical, due to no mixtures of genetic material.

yeast

asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction where offspring is produced by one parent.

types of pathogens

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasite

Definition of virus + examples

Viruses are microscopic organisms with genetic material enclosed in a protein coat that infects hosts. It requires a host to replicate. Influenza and HIV

Virus replication

attachment, entry, synthesis, release

Bacteria + examples

Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms. They don't have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. They cause diseases by producing toxins or damaging host tissues.

tuberculosis and bifidobacteria

fungi + examples

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can be both unicellular or multicelluar that causes infections by invading tissues or releasing spores. It affects nails, skin, lungs and more.

athletes foot

Definition of protozoa + examples

Protozoa are unicellular, eukaryotic microorganisms that often live in water or as parasites inside hosts.

Amoeba

how does our body prevent the entry of pathogens

skin, mucus, stomach acid, sebum, sweat, reflexes (coughing, tears, sneezing)

symptoms of viruses

causes fevers, fatigue, sneezing, runny nose, body aches, triggers immune system to overreact

symptoms of bacteria

causes fevers, pus, and ocughing

why is a fever a symptom of bacteria

since it kill bacteria

why is pus produced

dead white blood cells from fighting the bacteria

symptoms of fungi

itchy red skin, difficulty breathing

symptoms of protozoan

chills, fever, diarrhea

symptoms of parasite

weight loss, itchy scalp

antibiotics +

Medications that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria but do not affect viruses.

penicillin amoxicillin

antibodies

proteins produced by B lymphocytes in response to antigens. They bind to pathogens and help the immune system destroy them.

antigens definition

foreign molecules found on pathogens that trigger an immune response.

vaccination definition

Weakened or inactivated pathogens (or antigens) injected to host to simulate immunity without causing disease.

who discovered penicillin + active recall why

alexander flemming

who discovered vaccines + active recall

edward jenner

herd immunity

Large portion of the population is immune to a disease making it hard for the disease to spread.

epidemic definition

Rapid outbreak of a disease affecting a large number of people in a specific area.

How does antibiotic resistance occur?

Overuse of antibiotics, incomplete course of antibiotics

How does the overuse of antibiotics impact resistance?

When antibiotics are overused, the bacteria can mutate, and some mutations make them resistant to antibiotics. These resistant bacteria then thrive because the antibiotics don't affect them.

How does the incomplete course of antibiotics impact resistance?

When antibiotics are stopped too early, only the weakest bacteria are killed, while the more resistant ones may remain and continue to multiply. This creates resistance.

How do pathogens transmit

Direct contact (skin to skin, bodily fluids, sexual transmission)

Indirect contact (touching contaminated surfaces)

Airborne transmission (inhalation of droplets or aerosols)

Vector transmission (carried by insects or animals)

Food and water transmission (contaminated food or water)

Vertical transmission (passed from mother to child during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding)

definition of inherited disease

An inherited disease is a disorder or condition that is passed from parents to their children through genetics.

definition of transmitted disease

Transmitted diseases are diseases that are caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.

evaluate between inherited and transmitted diseases

spread, onset, prevention, treatment, effect on population

definition of autoimmune diseases + examples

Autoimmune diseases occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells.

crohn's disease, lupus

treatments of autoimmune diseases

diet modifications, regular exercise, stress management, sleep

Trends with diseases around the globe

use textbook to blurt