APHY 102 Lexture Exam #4 Respiratory and Digestive Systems

What cells clean and digest debris entering the alveoli?

alveolar macrophages

Which one of the following processes can occur in a respiratory bronchiole but would NOT occur in other bronchial regions?

gas exchange

What is NOT true of the effects of hypoventilation?

hydrogen ion concentration in the blood decreases

Pulmonary gas exchange occurs in the:

respiratory zone

A fully saturated hemoglobin molecule transports:

4 molecules of oxygen

The walls of the alveoli are composed of ...

simple squamous epithelium

Peripheral chemoreceptors are most sensitive to:

partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in arterial blood.

Which of the following triggers hyperventilation?

high partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in arterial blood

What part of the following description is INCORRECT? Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles lead to increased volume in the thoracic cavity and the lungs. The increase in volume leads to an increase in intrapulmonary pressure, causing air to move into the lungs.

increases in volume lead to a decrease in pressure, not an increase in pressure.

During exhalation, a reduction in size of the thoracic cavity causes ...

the intra-pulmonary pressure to increase

The force(s) responsible for normal inhalation (=when the body is at rest) is supplied by ...

contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

The pharynx functions as a _____, whereas the larynx functions as a _____.

common passageway for air and food; passageway for air only

What flap of elastic cartilage keeps food and liquids from entering a larynx during swallowing?

epiglottis

the right one consists of _____ lobes; whereas the left lung consists of _____ lobes.

superior, middle, and inferior; superior and inferior

What increases air turbulence to extract dust and other debris from air traveling through the nasal cavity?

nasal conchae and meatuses

The majority of the nasal cavity is lined with:

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Which of the following is the best explanation of the function of the pleural serious membranes?

the membranes reduce friction, allowing the lung tissue to move and coordination with the movements of the walls of the thoracic cavity.

internal respiration is defined as...

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body cells and blood

The volume that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is the:

residual volume

Which of the following is NOT one of the major processes of respiration?

oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Which one of the following is the best description of the function of cilia found in the trachea?

cilia perform organized wave-like movements to propel foreign debris trapped in mucus away from the lungs

Which process of respiration relies on partial pressure gradients to move air in and out of the lungs?

pulmonary ventilation

What is typical of restrictive lung diseases?

decreased pulmonary compliance

Bile assist with digestion by performing ...

emulsification of fats

Patients who have dentures may have problems with ______ in the oral cavity.

Mastication

Mary's stroke left her unable to swallow. What specialized type of propulsion was affected?

deglutition

Which hormone increases acid secretion by the stomach?

gastrin

What creates the taeniae coli?

longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa

Which of the following operates voluntarily and is controlled by the cerebral cortex?

external anal sphincter

Which one of the following is a primary function of the large intestine?

absorption of water and vitamins

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of liver lobules?

Liver cells receive only a minimal supply of blood, which flows to cells through canaliculi.

The removal of the gallbladder will affect:

bile storage

What type of capillaries are present in the liver and allow movement of large molecules between the hepatocytes and the blood strem?

sinusoidal capillaries

Which one of the following can stimulate the process of peristalsis?

Myenteric plexus

The organs of the digestive system generally increase activity when stimulated by _____ nerve fibers.

parasympathetic

Which of the following is the best definition of cuspid (canine)?

a conical tooth adapted for tearing and slashing food

What molecules in the diet could nucleases help to digest?

RNA and DNA

Which of the following secretions from the pancreas could help you digest chicken meat?

trypsin and carboxypeptidase

The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the abdominal organs are called...

mesenteries

what is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter?

prevents backflow of stomach material from entering the esophagus

Which of the following is an organ of the alimentary canal?

esophagus

Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva?

lactic acid

What is the purpose of villi?

to increase surface area within the intestines

In which organ is chyme mixed with pancreatic juice and bile?

duodenum

Which of the following does NOT increase surface area in the small intestine?

rugae

The conversion of pepsinogen into the active form, pepsin, requires:

an acidic pH

What is released by the G cells (= a type of diffuse neuroendocrine system, or dnes

DNES, cell) of the gastric glands?

gastrin

Cheif cells release:

pepsinogen

The correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from the innermost to outermost is.....

mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa.

Which layer of the alimentary canal wall consists of blood vessels, nerves, and glands?

Submucosa