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the attachment of a muscle to the stationary bone
origin
the attachment of a muscle to the movable bone
insertion
the movements that occur when the muscle contracts; usually pulling one bone towards or away from another
action
epicranial aponeurosis
origin of frontalis
skin superior to orbit
insertion of frontalis
draws scalp anteriorly
raises eyebrows
wrinkles skin horizontally (surprise)
action of frontalis
occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone
origin of occipital belly
epicranial aponeurosis
insertion of occipital belly
draws scalp posteriorly
action of occipital belly
medial wall of orbit
origin of orbicularis oculi
circular path around orbit
insertion of orbicularis oculi
closes eye
action of orbicularis oculi
zygomatic bone, more superiorly
origin of zygomaticus minor
upper lip
insertion of zygomaticus minor
raises upper lip, exposing upper teeth
action of zygomaticus minor
zygomatic bone, more inferiorly
origin of zygomaticus major
skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris
insertion of zygomaticus major
draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally, (smiling)
action of zygomaticus major
maxilla and zygomatic arch
origin of masseter
angle and ramus of mandible
insertion of masseter
elevates mandible, as closing mouth
action of masseter
muscle fibers surrounding opening of mouth
origin of orbicularis oris
skin at corner of the mouth
insertion of orbicularis oris
closes and protrudes lips (kissing), compresses lips against teeth, and shapes lips during speech
action of orbicularis oris
sternal head: manubrium of sternum
clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle
origin of sternocleidomastoid
mastoid process of the temporal bone
insertion of sternocleidomastoid
bilateral: flex the cervical portion of the vertebral column
unilateral: laterally rotate and flex head to opposite side of contracting muscle
action of sternocleidomastoid
superior nuchal line of occipital bone, spines of C7-T12
origin of trapezius
clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
insertion of trapezius
Reverse Muscle Action
RMA
superior fibers: rotate scapula upward
middle fibers: adduct scapula
inferior fibers: depress and rotate scapula upward; stabilize scapula
RMA: extends head at neck
action of trapezius
spines of T7-L5 vertebrae, sacral crest, iliac crest, ribs 9-12 via thoracolumbar fascia
origin of latissimus dorsi
intertubercular sulcus of humerus
insertion of latissimus dorsi
extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder
RMA: elevates vertebral column and torso
action of latissimus dorsi
acromion and spine of scapula
origin of deltoid
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
insertion of deltoid
anterior fibers: flexes and medially rotate arm at shoulder
lateral fibers: abduct arm at shoulder
posterior fibers: extends and laterally rotate arm at shoulder
action of deltoid
clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
origin of pectoralis major
greater tubercle of humerus; upper limb muscle
insertion of pectoralis major
adducts and medially rotates arm at shoulder
action of pectoralis major
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head: coracoid process of scapula
origin of biceps brachii
radial tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis
insertion of biceps brachii
flexes arm at shoulder
flexes forearm at elbow
supinates forearm at radioulnar joints
action of biceps brachii
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: lateral and posterior surface of humerus
medial head: posterior surface of humerus
origin of triceps brachii
olecranon of ulna
insertion of triceps brachii
extends forearm at elbow
extends arm at shoulder
action of triceps brachii
supraspinatus fossa of scapula
origin of supraspinatus
greater tubercle of humerus; most superior muscle of the rotator cuff
insertion of supraspinatus
assists deltoid in abducting arm at shoulder
action of supraspinatus
infraspinatus fossa of scapula
origin of infraspinatus
greater tubercle of humerus; between the supraspinatus and teres minor muscles of the rotator cuff
insertion of infraspinatus
laterally rotates arm at shoulder
action of infraspinatus
inferior, lateral border of scapula
origin of teres minor
greater tubercle of humerus, most inferior muscle of the rotator cuff
insertion of teres minor
laterally rotates and extends arm at shoulder
action of teres minor
subscapular fossa of scapula
origin of subscapularis
lesser tubercle of humerus
insertion of subscapularis
medially rotates arm at shoulder
action of subscapularis
pubic crest and pubic symphysis
origin of rectus abdominus
cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
insertion of rectus abdominus
flexes vertebral column; compresses abdomen
RMA: flexes pelvis on the vertebral column
action of rectus abdominus
ribs 5-12
origin of external oblique
iliac crest of ilium
insertion of external oblique
bilateral: flexes vertebral column; compresses abdomen
unilateral: laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column
action of external oblique
iliac crest of ilium; cartilages of ribs 5-10
origin of transverse abdominus
xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubis
insertion of transverse abdominus
compresses abdomen
action of transverse abdominus
iliac crest of ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
origin of gluteus maximus
gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
insertion of gluteus maximus
extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip
action of gluteus maximus
anterior superior iliac spine of ilium; pelvic/thigh muscle
origin of sartorius
medial surface of body of tibia; anterior muscle of the pelvis and thigh
insertion of sartorius
weakly flexes leg at knee
weakly flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip
action of sartorius
body and inferior ramus of pubis
origin of gracilis
medial surface of body of tibia; medial muscle of the pelvis and thigh
insertion of gracilis
adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip
flexes leg at knee
action of gracilis
anterior inferior iliac spine of ilium (A.I.I.S)
origin of rectus femoris
tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon; most superficial quadricep muscle
insertion of rectus femoris
flexes thigh at hip; extends leg at knee
action of rectus femoris
greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
origin of vastus lateralis
tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon; most lateral quadricep muscle
insertion of vastus lateralis
extends leg at knee
action of vastus lateralis
linea aspera of femur
origin of vastus medialis
tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon; medial quadricep muscle
insertion of vastus medialis
extends leg at knee
action of vastus medialis
anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
origin of vastus intermedialis
tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon; quadricep muscle deep to the rectus femoris
insertion of vastus intermedialis
extends leg at knee
action of vastus intermedialis
long head: ischial tuberosity of ischium
short head: linea aspera of femur
origin of biceps femoris
head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
insertion of biceps femoris
extends thigh at hip, most lateral hamstring muscle
action of biceps femoris
ischial tuberosity
origin of semitendinosus
proximal part of tibia medial to tibial tuberosity
insertion of semitendinosus
“half tendon” extends thigh at hip
action of semitendinosus
ischial tuberosity
origin of semimembranosus
medial condyle of tibia
insertion of semimembranosus
flexes leg at knee; extends thigh at hip
action of semimembranosus
lateral condyle and body of tibia; interosseous membrane
origin of tibialis anterior
metatarsal I and medial cuneiform
insertion of tibialis anterior
dorsiflexes foot at ankle; inverts foot at intertarsal joints
action of tibialis anterior