Sociology Final Exam Review

Flashcards covering key concepts for the Sociology final exam.

Carol Gilligan's conclusion

Girls tend to play in ways that promote care, while boys tend to play in ways that promote justice.

Racism

The assumption that members of a racial group are inherently inferior to other races.

Conflict Theory Critique

Conflict theorists criticized Parsons's theory for presenting an unrealistic image of society that exaggerated consensus and social harmony.

Weber's Authority

David obeyed the police as a result of authority.

Talcott Parsons's Theory

Key elements of society are aspects of social control and constraint on the individual.

Proletariat and Capitalism

Karl Marx argued that the proletariat would overthrow capitalism in favor of a communist society.

Foucault's Surveillance

The NSA's ability to tap phone lines and review emails is part of the modern-day panopticon.

W. E. B. Du Bois's Study

Showed that Black Americans experienced double consciousness.

Jane Addams's Good Society

A society that emphasizes sympathetic knowledge.

Max Weber's Term for Special Individuals

Charisma.

Network Analysis

Helps explain how misinformation spreads through social circles.

Structural Functionalism

Parsons's theory that individuals and institutions in society are guided by an overarching social system.

Symbolic Interactionism

Focuses on how people interact and the role that symbols play in these interactions.

Erving Goffman's Theatrical Metaphor

Claims that social life is like theater, where we are all actors.

Double Consciousness

Derek is experiencing an awareness of his race due to a lack of representation.

Falsifiable Question

A question whose answer can be confirmed or disproven by observation.

Qualitative Research Method

Observing customer interactions in a convenience store.

Ethnographic Observations

Method for researching how people interact.

Operationalizing Research

Specifying the operations and techniques used to examine concepts.

Restorative Justice

Primary purpose is to repair harm caused by lawbreaking.

Social Networks

Facilitate communication and coordination for collective action.

Ethical Standards in Social Research

Sociologists abide by codes to do no harm to those they study.

Spurious Relationship

When two variables appear to be related but are actually correlated by another variable.

Role Conflict

Occurs when fulfilling the expectations of one role conflicts with another role.

Max Weber on Individual Behavior

Social forces shape individual action.

Three-Dimensional Power

When the powerful convince the less powerful that their views are correct.

Ideology

The imaginary relationship individuals have with their real conditions of existence.

Power Elite

Subset group who reach top positions in key institutions.

Agenda Setting

The power to decide what gets decided.

Social Institutions

Long-standing practices and organizations that govern social structures.

Sociological Imagination

Ability to connect personal experiences to larger social contexts.

Racial Construction

Race as a system of classification based on perceived innate physical similarities.

Meritocracy

Rewards and positions are distributed by ability, not social background.