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Industry trends have (increased or decreased) in the last 5-10 years?
increased
Who ranks first in swine production?
China is #1
U.S ranks #3
About how many swine farms are there?
66,000
Which two states contain the most hog inventory?
Iowa and North Carolina
genus
sus
piglet
young baby pig
gilt
young female pig
sow
mature female pig
boar
intact male
barrow
castrated male pig
farrowing
the act of giving birth
moved to different barn
farrow and raise piglets
greater climate control
cross-fostering
pork
meat from pigs
Yorkshire
most recorded breed in the U.S
most commercial females Yorkshire x Landrace
maternal breed
all white
erect ears
Duroc
terminal breed
solid red
medium size
U.S
Berkshire
terminal breed
black with white points
erect ears
Hampshire
terminal breed
black with a white belt
erect ears
U.S
Landrace
maternal
all white
medium floppy ears
long body
Denmark
modern pork production
small # of large producers
total confinement buildings
environmentally controlled
continuous farrowing
over 200 litters per week
can continuously farrow due to control over the environment
early weaning
21 days
A.I
Efficient
Vertical integration
entire supply chain is controlled and owned by a single organization
What is the #1 company in the swine industry
Smithfield
Vertical integration of industry
economies of scale
packer contracts
industrialization techniques
“not in by backyard
environmental concerns
consumer perceptions
general management considerations
manure
low-stress handling and transport
castration
tail docking
sow housing
General Housing
total confinement
concrete flooring
slats for urine and manure
manure is stored in a pit/pumped into lagoon
seedstock producer
sell genetics to commercial producers (genetic improvement)
private individuals only develop genetics for niche markets
sow housing
gestation crates
individual stalls
sow can’t turn around
movement restricted
less fighting, safer for handlers
group housing
larger pens
socialization
more fighting
industry is transitioning towards this type
which type of temperature do adult pigs like?
cooler temps
which type of temperature do piglets like?
warmer temps
nursery
weaned pigs
often transported to a new unit
transition to feed
Grow/Finish
take pigs from nursery
raised to market weight
pigs weaned directly into finishing
less transportation
less barn cleaning
better biosecurity
increased facility costs, less efficient barn utilization, labor
market pigs
group housed
nursery (20-30 pigs/pen)
grow-finish (30-50 pigs/pen)
Thermoneutral zone
temperature range in which animal doesn’t have to expend additional energy to regulate its body temp
All-in, All-out
all pigs enter the facility at the same time, all leave before the next groups are brought in
strict sanitation and biosecurity
Sow life cycle
Born: 14/litter
Wean: 21 days (11-13/litter)
Puberty: 5 mo.
Breed: 8 mo.
gestation: 114 days (about 3 mo., 3 weeks, 3 days)
farrow: 1 yr
Wean: 21 days
Breed: 3d
market animal life cycle
born: 3.5 lbs
Wean: 21 days, 10-15 lbs
Nursery: 40 lbs
Slaughter 270 lbs, 160 days
Top respiratory pathogen
PRRSV
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)
systemic viral pathogen
presents clinically with fever, respiratory distress, lethargy, reduced feed intake, and reduced growth
can cause abortion and reproductive failure in females
African Swine Fever
highly contagious
spread through wild pig pop.
devastating to Chinese pig pop.
Swine biosecurity
keep distance between your pigs and other pigs
isolate, test, and acclimate any incoming breeding stock
control flow of people, pigs, feed, and equipment
a pig giving birth is known as…
farrowing
a female pig that has not yet farrowed is known as a:
sow
after weaning, piglets are moved to a:
nursery
the gestation period for a sow is
114 days
Note
Flashcard