Studied by 5 people
Semantic Field
a group of words/phrases with a common meaning
Denotation
dictionary definition
Connotation
the associated ideas with a word
Synonym
a word with the same meaning
Antonym
a word with the opposite meaning
Collocation/collocates
words which go together (salt and pepper)
Euphemism
a less harsh way of saying things
Dysphemism
a blunt way of saying things
Hypernym
an umbrella term/generic term
Hyponym
a part of a larger collection
Grice’s maxim of quality
what is said must be truthful
Grice’s maxim of quantity
what is said should be the right length
Grice’s maxim of relevance
what is said should be relevant
Grice’s maxim of manner
what is said should be clear
minor/fragment sentence
an incomplete sentence
simple sentence
a main clause on its own
compound sentence
two or more simple sentences joined by a conjunction
complex sentence
a sentence that contains at least one subordinate clause
interrogative
used to ask questions
declarative
used to make a statement
imperative
used to make a command
exclamative
used to make an exclamation
problem and solution (structure)
the text poses a problem and then provides the solution
cause and effect (structure)
the text introduces an issue and the consequences of it
cyclical (structure)
the text ends on the same thread as it started
narrative (structure)
the text tells a story
question and answer (structure)
the text poses a question and then provides an answer
turn taking (speech)
where speakers take turns to speak
adjacency pairs (speech)
pairs of conventional speech
anaphoric reference
looks back at the text
cataphoric reference
looks forwards into the text
graphology
the study of how aesthetics are produced
orthography
the study of writing and the rules attached
common noun
general nouns
proper noun
places and names
concrete noun
can be touched
abstract noun
cannot be touched
collective noun
refers to a group
main verb
the main action of a sentence
verbal verb
communicative actions
material verb
events or actions
dynamic verb
actions which have definitive starts and ends
mental and stative verbs
perceptions, cognitive processes and feelings
transitive verb
have a direct object
intransitive verb
don’t have a direct object
modal verbs
verbs which indicate a level of possibility or obligation
auxiliary verb
verbs which assist the main verb
modal auxiliary verb
verbs which assist the main verb and indicate possibility and obligation
copular verb
linking verb (be, is, was)
base adjective
simplest form
comparative adjective
used to compare
superlative adjective
used to indicate the most extreme form
time adverb
indicates when something occurs
place adverb
indicates where something occurs
manner adverb
indicates how something occurs
frequency adverb
indicates how often something occurs
quantifiers
gives a numerical value
demonstrative determiner
specify what is being referred to
definite determiners
something specific
indefinite determiners
something general
false starts (non fluency features)
the speaker starts to speak but then stops and retries that start
repair (non fluency feature)
the speaker makes a mistake and correct is
back channelling (non fluency feature)
where a speaker passively agrees with what’s being said
Adjective
is a modifier as it changes the meanings of nouns
Adjectives of quality
describe the nature of a noun
Adjectives of quantity
refer to the amount of the noun - determiner
Possessive Adjectives
indicate to whom the following noun belongs to - determiner
Demonstrative adjectives
identify a specific noun - determiner
Interrogative adjectives
ask questions - determiner
Factual adjectives
provide extra facts about the noun
Opinionative adjectives
expresses an opinion about a noun
Coordinate adjectives
list of adjectives separated by commas whose order can be rearranged easily
Non-coordinate adjectives
cannot be rearranged, don't use commas
Comparative and superlative adjectives
allow you to compare things e.g. tall, taller, tallest
Note 
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