Unit 2: Molecular and Ionic Compound Structure and Properties

Flashcards in the FILL_IN_THE_BLANK style.

In a __ bond, valence electrons are shared between atoms with similar electronegativity.

nonpolar covalent

In a __ bond, valence electrons are shared between atoms of unequal electronegativity.

polar covalent

__ bonds involve the transferring of electrons, usually between a metal and a nonmetal.

Ionic

__ bonds involve the sharing of electrons, usually between nonmetals.

Covalent

__ bonds involve electrons not associated with a single atom or molecule, but with all the atoms involved in the bond.

Metallic

Atoms with high electronegativity develop a __ partial charge.

negative

Atoms with low electronegativity develop a __ partial charge.

positive

__ is the energy it takes to break a bond.

Bond energy

__ is electrostatic attraction between a cation (+) and anion (-).

Ionic bond

Combining two or more metallic elements creates an __.

alloy

In a __ alloy, atoms of comparable radii substitute for one another in the lattice.

substitutional

In an __ alloy, smaller atoms fill the space between larger atoms.

interstitial

__ diagrams are models that represent chemical substances, show connectivity between atoms, display bond order, and show valence electrons not used for bonding.

Lewis

The __ states that, except for hydrogen and boron, when bonding, all atoms end up with 8 electrons around them.

octet rule

Expanded octets can only occur on elements in period __ and below.

3

When multiplying and dividing significant figures, answers are limited to the same number of significant figures as the number with the __ number of significant figures.

least

When adding and subtracting significant figures, answers are limited by the same number of __ as the number with the least number of decimal places.

decimal places

A Lewis structure in which any negative charges reside on the more electronegative atoms is generally more __.

dominant

__ is when a molecule or polyatomic ion has multiple contributors to its structure and you write them all connected by double-ended arrows.

Resonance structure

The sum of all individual __ must add up to the charge of the chemical species.

formal charges

__ states that bonds and lone pairs of electrons (electron domains) are negative in nature and will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion.

VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion)

__ depends on the number of electron domains around the central atom.

Molecular geometry

The __ is the number of electron domains (bonds and lone pairs).

Steric number

__ only apply to individual atoms; when bonds form, it's possible for atomic orbitals to become new hybrid orbitals.

Atomic orbitals

Sigma (σ) bonds are characterized by __ overlap.

head to head

Pi (π) bonds are characterized by __ overlap.

side to side