Cell biology: cell structure

eukaryotic

an animal or plant cell are eukaryotic, they have a:

• cell membrane

• cytoplasm

• nucleus - containing DNA

prokaryotic

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic, they are smaller, they have a:

• cell wall

• cell membrane

• cytoplasm

• a singular circular strand of DNA and plasmas

organelles

structures in a cell that have different functions, such as a cell wall or cytoplasm

orders of magnitude:

used to understand the scale of a cell:

• 10x bigger = 10(1) x bigger

• 1000x bigger = 10(3) x bigger

• 10x smaller = 10(-1) x smaller

prefixes

(centi, milli, micro, nano)

go before the units, (e.g. meters - to create centi-meters) to show the multiple of the unit.

animal cells

• cytoplasm

• cell membrane

• mitochondria

• nucleus

• rough endoplasmic rectilium - for ribosomes.

plant cells

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• cell wall

• vacuole

• cell membrane

• mitochondria

• chloroplasts

• rough endoplasmic reticulum - contains ribosomes.

Bacterial cells

• ribosomes

• cell wall

• cell membrane

• nucleioud DNA (floats in the cytoplasm)

• capsule

• pilus

• flagellum

• cytoplasm

microscopy calculations

• magnification of a light microscope: magnification of eyepiece lenses x magnification of objective lenses

• size of an object: size of image / magnification = size of object

• standard form can be used