anions

What is the test for a carbonate ion

Add limewater to a test tube

Add HCl and substance to boiling tube

Place a bung and delivery tube between them

What is a positive result for a carbonate ion

Effervescence in boiling tube

White precipitate in lime water ( cloudy )

What is a halide

Chloride, bromide, iodide ions

What is the test for the halides

Add 1cm of the substance into a test tube

Add 1cm nitric acid into test tube

Add silver nitrate drop by drop

What is as positive result for a chloride ion

White precipitate

What is a positive result for a bromide ion?

Cream precipitate

What is a positive test for an iodide ion

Yellow precipitate

What is the test for sulfate ions

Add 1cm of the substance into test tube

Add 1cm of HCl into the same tube

Add barium chloride drop by drop

What is the positive result for a sulfate ion

Turns cloudy - white precipitate

Carbonates, halides and sulfates are all cations or anions

Anions

Why do we add HCl or nitric acid

To remove impurities

Write the word equation for the carbonate test using sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid ——> sodium chloride +water + carbon dioxide

Write the symbol equation for the carbonate test using sodium carbonate

Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) ——> 2 NaCl (aq) + H20 (l) + CO2(g)