Untitled Flashcards Set

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital

A Supreme Court case (1923) that struck down a minimum wage law for women, ruling it violated the freedom of contract under the Fifth Amendment.

Nine-Power Treaty

An agreement (1922) affirming the Open Door Policy in China and guaranteeing China’s territorial sovereignty, signed at the Washington Naval Conference by major world powers.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A treaty (1928) signed by 62 nations that sought to outlaw war for resolving international disputes, reflecting a desire for peace after World War I.

Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law

A protectionist tariff (1922) that raised duties on imports to support American industry, contributing to global economic instability.

Teapot Dome Scandal

A major political scandal (1921–1923) involving Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leasing naval oil reserves for bribes, symbolizing government corruption.

McNary-Haugen Bill

A proposed (1920s) but vetoed bill aimed at helping farmers by having the government purchase surplus crops, rejected twice by President Coolidge.

Dawes Plan

A financial plan (1924) to ease Germany’s World War I reparations burden by restructuring its debt payments with U.S. loans.

Agricultural Marketing Act

A law (1929) that established the Federal Farm Board to stabilize crop prices, which ultimately failed during the Great Depression.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

A high tariff (1930) that worsened the Great Depression by instigating retaliatory tariffs from other countries.

Black Tuesday

The day (October 29, 1929) the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns that emerged during the Great Depression, named after President Hoover, whom many blamed for the economic crisis.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

A government agency (1932) created by Hoover to provide emergency loans to stabilize the economy, later expanded under FDR.

Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act

A law (1932) protecting labor unions by limiting employers' ability to use court injunctions against strikes.

Bonus Army

A group of World War I veterans (1932) who marched on Washington, D.C., demanding early payment of war bonuses.

Warren G. Harding

The 29th U.S. president (1921–1923) known for his pro-business policies and scandals like Teapot Dome.

Albert B. Fall

Harding’s Secretary of the Interior, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome Scandal.

Calvin Coolidge

The 30th U.S. president (1923–1929) known for laissez-faire economic policies and the phrase 'The business of America is business.'

John W. Davis

The Democratic candidate in the 1924 presidential election who lost to Calvin Coolidge, known for being a conservative lawyer.

Alfred E. Smith

The Democratic candidate in the 1928 presidential election, the first Catholic major-party nominee who faced anti-Catholic prejudice.