PT 794- Cervical Spine

anterior scalene

O: transverse processes C3-C6

I: 1st rib

A: flex head

In: cervical spinal nerves C4-C6

middle scalene

O: posterior tubercle of transverse processes C5-C7

I: posterior surface 1st rib and groove for subclavian artery

A: flex neck laterally and elevate 1st rib for inspiration

In: anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

posterior scalene

O: posterior tubercle of transverse processes C5-C7

I: external border of 2nd rib

A: flex neck laterally and elevate 2nd rib for inspiration

In: anterior rami of spinal nerves C7-C8

longus capitus

O: base of occipital bone

I: anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-C6

A: flex head

In:anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C3

longus colli

O: anterior tubercle of C1, vertebral bodies C1-C3, transverse processes C3-C6

I: bodies of C5-T3 vertebrae, transverse processes C3-C5

A: flexes neck, rotates to opposite side if acting unilaterally

In: anterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C6

Sternocleidomastoid

O: lateral mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line

I: sternal part- anterior manubrium, clavicular part- superior medial 1/3 of clavicle

A: unilaterally- ipsilateral lateral flexion. and contralateral rotation, bilaterally- extension at AO joints, lower cervical flexion, upper cervical extension

In: spinal accessory and C3/C4 nerves

trapezius

O: superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, external occipital protuberance, spinous processes C7-T12, spinous processes of lumbar and sacral vertebrae

I: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

A: elevates, retracts, and superiorly rotates scapulae; with shoulders flexed bilateral contraction extends neck and unilateral contraction ipsilaterally laterally flexes neck

In: spinal accessory nerve, C3 and C4 nerves

levator scapulae

O: posterior tubercles of C2-C6 spinous processes

I: superior medial border of scapular spine

A: downward rotation of scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

In: dorsal scapular nerve and spinal accessory nerves C3 and C4

splenius capitus

O: inferior nuchal ligament, spinous processes of superior 6 thoracic vertebrae

I: lateral mastoid process and lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

A: posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

In: ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of head and neck, extends head and neck

rectus capitus posterior major

O: spinous process of C2

I:lateral superior nuchal line

A: extends and ipsilaterally rotates head

In: suboccipital nerve (C1)

rectus capitus posterior minor

O: posterior tubercle of C1 vertebra

I: medial superior nuchal line

A: extends head

In: suboccipital nerve (C1)

obliquus capitus inferior

O: posterior tubercle of C2

I: transverse process of C1

A: ipsilateral rotation

In: suboccipital nerve (C1)

obliquus capitus superior

O: transverse process of C1

I: occipital bone b/w the nuchal lines

A: extends and laterally bends head

In: suboccipital nerve (C1)

semispinalis capitus

O: articular processes of C4-C7, transverse processes T1-T6

I: occipital bone b/w nuchal lines

A: extends and contralaterally rotates head and neck

In: greater occipital nerve (C2)

Longissimus capitus

O: transverse processes of C4-T5 vertebrae

I: mastoid process of temporal bone

A: extends head at AO joints, ipsilaterally flexes and rotates head

In: posterior rami of spinal nerves