Chapter 14 extra questions

Which projection is typically used to evaluate urinary calculi in the kidneys?
A) AP abdomen (KUB)
B) PA chest
C) Lateral spine
D) AP pelvis

A) AP abdomen (KUB)

What is an area of construction for ureters?
A) Renal arteries
B) IVC
C) UPJ
D) Descending Aorta

C) UPJ

During an IVU, which structure should be seen at the level of the iliac crest?
A) Kidneys
B) Bladder
C) Adrenal glands
D) Ureters

D) Ureters

Which position best demonstrates the right kidney parallel to the IR during an IVU?
A) LPO
B) RPO
C) AP supine
D) Lateral

A) LPO

what is the degree of obliquity for a posterior oblique position during an IVU

A) 15°
B) 30°
C) 45°
D) 60°

B) 30°

Which contrast media is least likely to cause reactions for patients?
A) Ionic contrast
B) Nonionic contrast
C) Barium sulfate
D) Air

B) Nonionic contrast

What is the preferred patient preparation before an IVU exam?
A) NPO 8 hours prior
B) High-fiber meal
C) Full bladder
D) No preparation

A) NPO 8 hours prior

Where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection of the bladder?
A) ASIS
B) 2 inches above pubic symphysis
C) Level of umbilicus
D) Iliac crest

B) 2 inches above pubic symphysis

In a male patient, which additonal structure is evaluated during a cystourethrogram

A) Rectum

B) prostate
C) seminal vesicles
D) urethra

D) urethra

During an IVU, what is the approximate time for the "nephrogram phase" image?
A) 5 minutes
B) Immediately after injection
C) 15 minutes
D) 30 minutes

B) Immediately after injection

Which ureter is of interest in an RPO?
A) Right
B) Left

A) Right

How much is the CR angled for an AP axial bladder projection?
A) 10-15° cephalad
B) 10-15° caudad
C) 30-45° cephalad
D) No angle

B) 10-15° caudad

The term "voiding cystourethrogram" (VCUG) refers to imaging during:
A) Injection
B) Catheter placement

C) Urination
D) Retrograde filling

C) Urination

What is the most common side effect immediately after IV contrast injection?
A) Severe allergic reaction
B) Warmth and metallic taste
C) Bradycardia
D) Difficulty breathing

B) Warmth and metallic taste

Which imaging sequence is typical for an IVU?
A) Scout → Injection → Timed images
B) Injection → Scout → Timed images
C) Injection only
D) Timed images only

A) Scout → Injection → Timed images

To best visualize ureteral compression during an IVU, compression paddles are
placed:
A) Directly over the kidneys
B) Over the bladder
C) Over the pelvic brim
D) Over the distal ureters

C) Over the pelvic brim

What is a contraindication to IVU?
A) Kidney stones
B) Hematuria
C) Elevated creatinine

D) Flank pain

C) Elevated creatinine

A cystogram requires how much contrast to fill the bladder?
A) 10-50 mL
B) 50-100 mL
C) 150-500 mL
D) 500-1000 mL

C) 150-500 mL

An LPO position during an IVU opens up which ureter?
A) Right ureter
B) Left ureter

B) Left ureter

For a male retrograde urethrogram, the CR is typically centered:
A) 2 inches above pubic symphysis
B) At the level of the greater trochanter
C) To the symphysis pubis
D) To the iliac crest

C) To the symphysis pubis

What projection best visualizes urethral strictures?
A) AP bladder
B) Retrograde urethrogram
C) AP KUB
D) Oblique abdomen

B) Retrograde urethrogram

Which of the following exams uses a catheter to inject contrast into the bladder?
A) VCUG
B) IVU
C) KUB

A) VCUG

To demonstrate vesicoureteral reflux, which study is performed?
A) IVU
B) VCUG
C) Retrograde pyelogram

B) VCUG

What exam will evaluate if there are any leaks in the bladder from a prostatectomy?
A) IVU
B) Cystogram
C) VCUG

B) Cystogram

Which of the following views will best visualize bladder prolapse?
A) AP bladder
B) Lateral bladder
C) Oblique bladder
D) Erect bladder view

D) Erect bladder view

After contrast administration for an IVU, the earliest structure to enhance is:
A) Bladder
B) Renal cortex
C) Minor calyces
D) Ureters

B) Renal cortex

Which exam requires delayed imaging up to several hours?
A) Cystogram
B) Ureteral stent evaluation
C) IVU with suspected obstruction

C) IVU with suspected obstruction

Which of the following is the most significant late complication of IV contrast
administration?
A) Urticaria
B) Nephrotoxicity
C) Hypotension
D) Nausea

B) Nephrotoxicity

A scout film before an IVU is used to:
A) Diagnose calculi
B) Visualize contrast flow
C) Verify bowel prep and positioning
D) Measure creatinine

C) Verify bowel prep and positioning

Compression during IVU should not be used if:
A) Patient is hypertensive
B) Ureteral stones are suspected
C) AAA is present
D) Hematuria is present

C) AAA is present