chapter 3: Blood Components and Conditions

Vocabulary flashcards for blood components and related terms.

Hemoglobin

Red protein that carries iron and oxygen to the tissues.

Hemorrhage

Brushing forth of blood.

Hemoconcentration

Decrease in plasma volume, which can be caused by dehydration, diarrhea, polyuria, excessive sweating, blood loss, or overproduction of blood cells.

Hemolysis

Destruction of blood cells.

Hemophilia

Lack of coagulation factor VIII.

Hemostasis

The arrest of bleeding; involves 4 steps of coagulation

Coagulation

The process of forming clots. How long does this process take?

Antigen

A foreign substance that stimulates an immune response.

Antibody

Immunoglobulins produced in response to bacteria.

Plasma

Clear, pale, yellow fluid that is 90% water and 10% dissolved substances; aids in blood clotting.

Needs tube with anticoagulants

55% of total blood

Hormones

Chemical substances produced in the body that control and regulate activity of certain cells or organs.

Electrolytes

Minerals that carry electrical charges. (K, Mg, Na, Cl, P, Ca)

Antibodies

Protective proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens.

Toxins & Waste

• Blood Urea Nitrogen

• Creatinine

• Uric acid

Blood Factors (Coagulation factors)

Proteins in blood to help with clotting

• Fibrinogen

• Prothrombin

• Tissue thromboplastin

• ionized calcium

• proaccelerin

• Proconvertin

• Anti-hemophilic factor

• Plasma thromboplastin component

• Stuart-Prower factor

• Plasma thromboplastin Antecedent

• Hageman factor

• Fibrin-stabilizing factor

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Drugs

Medications and chemical substances.

Serum

Same as plasma except it lacks clotting factors.

Doesn’t need tube with anticoagulant.

Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)

• Carrier of O2 and receiver of CO2 through the body

• lacks a nucleus

• Hemoglobin

• Iron

• Rhesus Factor

• Blood group

White blood cells (Leukocytes)

• Defends body, destroys pathogens by phagocytosis

• produces antibodies

• has a nucleus

• Irregular shape

Monocytes, Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Responsible for hemostasis; lines blood vessels; irregular shape and small; 9-10 day lifespan.

Hemostasis

Maintains blood in equilibrium throughout the body.

Vascular Stage

The injured vessel constricts to reduce blood flow. (Vasoconstriction)

Platelet Stage

Blood cells clump up and attach themselves to the injury. (Clot Formation)

Coagulation Stage

The blood clotting factors seal the tear with fibrin meshwork. (Clot Formation)

Clot Retraction Stage

The clot begins to bring the edges of the tear closer

Fibrinolysis Stage

Breaks up and dissolves the clot as other cells repair it.

Rh-positive

Has antigen for Rh factor (Antigen D).

Rh-negative

Doesn't have antigen for Rh factor; can donate to Rh+ patients; only receives Rh- blood.

Blood Group

A, B, AB, O

Anemia

Decreased # of RBC/Hemoglobin

Polycythemia

Abnormally increased number of RBCs.

Hypoxia

Decreased concentration of oxygen in blood.

Anoxia

complete lack of O2 in blood

Leukemia

Abnormal increased # of WBC

Leukocytosis

Abnormal increase in the number of WBCs; can be a sign of infections, inflammation, or immune system disorders.

Leukopenia, Leukocytopenia

Abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs; can be caused by bone marrow disorders.

Thrombocytosis

Abnormal increase in the number of platelets; can be caused by cancer, infections, acute blood loss, or arthritis.

Thrombopenia, Thrombocytopenia

Abnormal decrease in the number of platelets; can be caused by aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic syndrome.

Homeostasis

The equilibrium of all systems in the body.

Hemochromatosis

The excessive increase of iron within the body's organs

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A waste product formed when the liver breaks down protein; indicates kidney performance.

Creatinine

A waste product produced by muscles that use creatine.

Uric Acid

A chemical compound created when the body breaks down purines; can lead to gout and kidney stones.

Albumin

Produced by the liver & maintains fluid balance

Buffy Coat

<1% of total blood, what’s the “Buffy coat” made of?

Eosinophils

Granulocytes

2-4%

Increased in: allergies and parasitic infections

Neutrophils

Granulocytes

50-70% of Granulocytes

Increased in: infections

Basophils

Graulocyte

>2% of Granulocytes

Increased in: Inflammation

Lymphocytes

Agranulocyte

T Cell, B Cell, Natural Killer

Helps: create memory of pathogens

Increased in: Specific immune responses

Monocytes

Agranulocyte

Macrophages

Increased in: Chronic inflammation due to bacteria, viruses, and fungi