Logic and Argumentation Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to valid and sound arguments in logic, logical fallacies, and the definitions of necessary and sufficient conditions.

Valid Argument

An argument where if the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true.

Sound Argument

An argument that is valid and has true premises.

Modus Tollens

A valid argument form where if 'P implies Q' and 'not Q' is true, then 'not P' must also be true.

Denying the Antecedent

A logical fallacy that occurs when one assumes that if 'P implies Q' and 'not P' is true, then 'not Q' must follow.

Affirming the Consequent

A logical fallacy that occurs when one mistakenly infers 'P' from 'P implies Q' and 'Q' being true.

Necessary Condition

A condition that must be present for an event to occur.

Sufficient Condition

A condition that, if met, guarantees the event will occur.