HUMAN FACTORS PRELIMS

Educational Psychology

• Study of how people learn

• How ppl thinks

David Kolb’s learning theory

a theory that assess on how human do learnings

David Kolb’s learning theory

four personalities on how to assess humans and four cycles of learning 

• accomodating

• diverging

• converging

• assimilating

Four perspective Continuum

Industrial Engineering

systematic approach to understand how people work in the industry (how they do the actions, can be the design of the job e.g. equipments)

Clinic Psychology

deals with our psychological composure (fears, emotions, motivation, trauma)

Experimental Psychology

usage of laboratories to compare differences and similarities between groups

Anthropometry

study of size, length, strength, dimensions between human being and equipment (e.g. distance of eyes and device, ideal is 19-24 inches)

Computer Science

study of graphical interface (e.g. software programming)

Cognitive Science

study of how human thinks, solve problems, processing of information.

Safety Engineering

applies to worker safety (e.g. proper labeling of product in a cargo service, rules and regulations / company policies)

safety in workplaces

Medical Science

study of vision, hearing, balance, and overall well being

Organizational Psychology

looks at how people interact within groups (socialization, teamwork)

how ppl work in various size groups

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Vitruvian Man

Vitruvian Man

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Vitruvian Man

drawing based on ideal proportion of a human body

Vitruvian Man

humans have 4 arms and 4 legs

Vitruvian Man

length of the arm is equivalent to the height of a human

Vitruvian Man

ideal proportion of a human body have 24 palms

• Sigmund Freud (1856-1953)

• Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)

• Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

1900’s

Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)

designed the aircraft compatible to human being

Frank

developed the motion study (workplace ergonomic)

Liliam

Psychology of Management (worker at the center of operations)

• Aloha Airlines B737

• ValuJet DC9 - Florida

Accidents Related to Human Factors

Aloha Airlines B737

Honolulu, Hawaii (1988)

Aloha Airlines B737

• experienced explosive decompression

• structural failure at 24,000 ft

• no one survived

ValuJet DC9

Florida (1995)

ValuJet DC9

• cargo flight accident wherein the fuel

fire on tires

• passengers struggled to grasp oxygen

• insufficient trainings of mechanics and cargo handlers

• failure to follow proper procedures

• failure to secure proper labeling of hazardous products

• insufficient regulatory oversight (mandated by CAAP)

Accommodating

Feelings + Doings

Diverging

feelings + observations

Converging

thingking + doings

Assimilating

thingking + observations

Concrete Experience

Accommodating + Diverging (feelings)

Active experimentation

Accomodating + Converging (doings)

Abstract Conceptualization

Assimilating + Converging (thingking)

Reflective Observation

Assimilating + Diverging (Observation)

• sight

• hearing

• smell

• taste

• touch

5 senses of the body

• cornea

• iris

• pupil

• lens

• retina

parts of the eyes

cornea

clear window of the eye

iris

colored part of the eye

pupil

dark area of the eye

lens

located behind the iris and pupil

retina

located at the rear wall of the eyehall

1. Substances taken into body (bad habits (alcohol, cigarettes))

2. Environmental Influences (exposure form sun or pollution)

3. Medical / Physical Factors (hereditary, Astigmatism, catarata)

Vision Impairments

1. Adaptation

2. Accomodation

3. Fixation

Changing Visual Task of the Eye

Adaptation

Controlling the incidence of light

Accomodation

focusing ofthe eye

Fixation

locating direction

• Outer ear

• Middle Ear

• Inner Ear

Part of the ear

140 decibels

sounds of the waves that can cause hearing impairments (70 Decibels (Db) - horn of a car)

1. Sensory Receptors

2. Attention

3. Perception

4. Decison-making

Information processing

Sensory Receptors

• 5 senses, sensory stores

• storage of information in the brain

Attention

detecting the information

• Selective attention

• Divided attention

• Focused attention

• Sustained attention

Types of Attention

Selective attention

selected information

Diviided attention

multitasking

Focused attention

avoiding distraction

Sustained attention

accepting information (memorization)

Perception

organization and interpretation of information

Decision-making

generation of information based on knowledge, beliefs, etc.

• Registration

• Storage

• Retrieval

Processes of Memory

Memory

ability to act consistently and to learn new things

Registration

input of information

Storage

retention of information

Retrieval

recovering of stored information

• Ultra-Short Term Memory

• Short Term Memory

• Long Term Memory

Forms of memory

Ultra-Short Memory

duration of 2 seconds

Short term memory

duration of 10-2- mins

Semantic Memory

stock knowledge

Episodic Memory

events in life

Phobia

fear of something

claustrophobia

fear of enclosed spaced

Acrophobia

fear of heights

Social Phobia

fear of interaction with ppl

1. Diziness

2. Shaking

3. Vomiting

4. Panic Attacks

Symptoms of phobia

• Beta blockers

• Sedatives

• Antidepressants

• Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Treatments for Phobia

• Generally Unknown

• Traumatic events

• Influenced by other ppl

Causes of Phobia

1. Physical Factors

2. Physiological Factors

3. Psychological Factors

4. Psychosocial Factors

5. Hardware Factors

6. Task Factors

7. Environmental Factors

Factors Affecting Human Performance

Physical Factors

physical appearance (age, height, weight)

Physiological Factors

overall health condition, lifestyle (sports, exercise, leisure activities)

Psychological Factors

mental and emotional state (the way your process information)

Psychosocial Factors

same with psychological, but leans more on emotional state (how you manage grieving, relationship with others)

Hardware Factors

equipments, software, tools used in a workplace

Task Factors

workload balance, performance in the workplace, are you able to multitask

Environmental Factors

nature, temperature, humidity, noise