Physical Education: Movement Analysis

What are lever systems in the body?

Lever systems are created by the musculo-skeletal system to facilitate physical work by making it easier to move heavy objects or perform quick movements.

What is the purpose of levers in the body?

The purpose of levers is to facilitate physical work, allowing easier movement of heavy objects and enabling quick movements.

What are some applications of lever systems in exercise?

Lever systems are used in activities like running, lifting weights, kicking, and throwing a ball.

What are the four components of a lever system?

The four components are the load, fulcrum, effort, and lever.

What is the load in a lever system?

The load is the object that needs to be moved.

What serves as the fulcrum in a lever system?

The fulcrum is the joint around which the movement takes place.

What is the effort in a lever system?

The effort is the muscular force applied to move the load.

What is the lever in the context of the body?

The lever refers to the bones in the body serving as structures for movement.

What defines a first class lever?

In a first class lever, the fulcrum is located between the effort and the load.

Can you give an example of a first class lever in the body?

An example is the triceps' attachment to the elbow joint during elbow extension.

What is an example of a second class lever in sports?

A significant example of a second class lever is using the ball of the foot and gastrocnemius muscle while pointing toes or going onto toes.

What characterizes a third class lever in the body?

In a third class lever, the effort is between the load and the fulcrum.

What is common about third class levers in the body?

Third class levers are the most prevalent in body movements such as biceps curls, hitting a ball, or knee movements during kicking.

What is mechanical advantage in lever systems?

Mechanical advantage occurs when less effort is required to lift heavier loads.

What is an example of mechanical advantage?

A car jack is a mechanical advantage tool that requires little effort to lift a car a short distance.

What does mechanical disadvantage refer to?

Mechanical disadvantage refers to situations where greater force is needed than the load being moved.

What is the significance of the position of lever components in function?

The relative position of lever components influences mechanical advantage or disadvantage, impacting the ease of lifting heavy loads or achieving speed and distance.

What joints are involved in sprinting?

The hip, knee, and ankle joints are involved in the action of sprinting.

Which muscles are agonists during the hip extension in sprinting?

The gluteal muscles and hamstrings act as agonists during hip extension.

What actions occur at the knee during the driving phase of sprinting?

The action at the knee during the driving phase is extension.

What muscles are responsible for knee extension in sprinting?

The quadriceps group of muscles are responsible for knee extension.

What is the role of the gastrocnemius during the driving phase?

The gastrocnemius muscle is responsible for plantar flexion during the driving phase.

What are the phases involved in throwing?

The preparatory phase and the throwing phase are involved in throwing.

What joints are primarily involved in the throwing motion?

The elbow and shoulder joints are primarily involved in the throwing motion.

What action occurs at the shoulder during the preparatory phase of throwing?

Horizontal hyperextension occurs at the shoulder during the preparatory phase.

Which muscles act as agonists for shoulder horizontal flexion in the throwing phase?

The anterior deltoids and pectoralis major act as agonists for shoulder horizontal flexion.

What are the two main phases of racket strokes?

The preparatory phase and the striking phase comprise the two main phases of racket strokes.

What joints are involved during the striking phase of racket strokes?

The wrist, elbow, shoulder, and trunk joints are involved during the striking phase.

What actions take place during the preparatory phase of jumping?

Actions include hip extension, knee extension, and ankle plantar flexion during the preparatory phase of jumping.

What is the main action of the hip joint during the kicking phase?

Flexion is the main action of the hip joint during the kicking phase.

What is the role of the quadriceps during kicking?

The quadriceps act as the agonist muscles for knee extension during kicking.

What muscles are the antagonists during the kicking motion?

The hamstring muscles serve as the antagonists during the kicking motion.

What is meant by agonist, antagonist, fixator, and synergist muscles?

Agonist muscles produce the main movement, antagonists oppose it, fixators stabilize joints, and synergists assist in the movement.

What is the median or sagittal plane?

The median or sagittal plane is a vertical plane dividing the body into right and left sections.

What is the definition of the transverse or horizontal plane?

The transverse or horizontal plane divides the body into upper and lower sections.

What type of joint is the knee, and what movements does it allow?

The knee is a hinge joint allowing flexion and extension.

What are the normal ranges of movement for the elbow joint?

The elbow joint allows flexion, extension, pronation, and supination.

What actions are allowed by the ankle joint?

The ankle joint permits plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion.