Respiratory and Cardiovascular Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts from the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, including anatomy, common conditions, symptoms, and treatments.

Respiratory system parts

Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli.

Asthma symptoms

Shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness.

Triggers for asthma

Dust, mold, pollen, pet dander, exercise, secondhand smoke.

Bronchiolitis signs

Tachypnea, tachycardia, wheezing, crackles, cyanosis.

Pneumonia types

Bacterial and viral pneumonia.

Bacterial pneumonia treatment

Antibiotics like amoxicillin and ceftriaxone.

Viral pneumonia treatment

Supportive care, such as O2 administration.

Assessment diagnostic methods

Auscultation, palpation, imaging (chest X-ray), pulse oximetry.

Signs of respiratory distress

Cyanosis, retractions, nasal flaring, grunting, tachypnea.

Silent chest

A severe sign indicating lack of air movement, potentially life-threatening.

SABA vs LABA

SABA: short-acting bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol); LABA: long-acting (e.g., Advair, Symbicort).

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Congenital heart defect characterized by a hole between the ventricles.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A persistent opening between major blood vessels leading from the heart.

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)

Congenital defect with four problems, including pulmonary valve stenosis and VSD.

Signs of hemophilia

Persistent bleeding after minor injuries.

Sickle cell disease

Genetic disorder causing sickle-shaped red blood cells, leading to painful crises.

Diagnosis of sickle cell disease

Newborn screening, CBC, hemoglobin electrophoresis.

Leukemia characteristics

A blood malignancy with symptoms like fever, malaise, and fatigue.

Acute leukemia

Rapid onset of symptoms; chronic leukemia has a slower onset.

Endocrine system function

Secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

PKU (Phenylketonuria)

Metabolic disorder affecting the metabolism of phenylalanine.

Galactosemia

Inability to properly digest milk sugars due to enzyme deficiency.

Migraine triggers

Family history, stress, anxiety, and certain foods.

Seizure types

Focal seizures (one area of the brain) vs. generalized seizures (entire brain).

Management for seizures

Medications like lorazepam, and monitoring during seizures.

Compartment syndrome signs

Severe pain even after administering pain relief; indicates pressure build-up.