AP.Lang Tone words & Rhetorical devices

The tone words and rhetorical devices that are required to know for Tri 1 of AP English Language.

amiable

having or displaying a friendly and pleasant manner.

appreciative

feeling or showing gratitude or pleasure.

consoling

serving to comfort someone at a time of grief or disappointment.

impassioned

filled with or showing great emotion.

condescending

having or showing a feeling of patronizing superiority.

apathetic

showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

disgruntled

angry or dissatisfied.

pedantic

excessively concerned with minor details and rules, or with displaying academic learning.

lugubrious

looking or sounding sad and dismal.

pessimistic

tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen.

poignant (poin-yant)

evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.

somber

dark or dull in color or tone; gloomy.

dramatic

intending or intended to create an effect; theatrical.

irreverent

showing a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously.

patronizing

apparently kind or helpful but betraying a feeling of superiority; condescending.

sarcastic

marked by or given to using irony in order to mock or convey contempt.

candid

truthful and straightforward; frank.

nostalgic

displaying a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations.

provocative

causing annoyance, anger, or another strong reaction, especially deliberately.

urbane

courteous and refined in manner (typically used of a man).

Allusion

is a short, informal reference to a famous person or event.

Amplification

involves repeating a word or expression, while adding more detail to it, in order to emphasize what might otherwise be passed over.

Analogy

compares two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some familiar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to a familiar one.

Anaphora

is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences, commonly in conjunction with climax and parallelism.

Antithesis

establishes a clear contrasting relationship between two ideas by joining them together.

Asyndeton

consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses.

Diacope

is the repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase.

Epistrophe

is the counterpart to anaphora, because the repetition of the same word or words comes at the end of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.

Euphemism

is the substitution of an agreeable, or at least non-offensive expression for one whose plainer meaning might be harsh or unpleasant.

Eponym

substitutes a trait for the name of a famous person who is often recognized for that trait.

Hyperbaton

is an inversion or rhetorical device involving departure from normal word order. The device draws attention to the phrase, or amplifies the word. (speaking like Yoda)

Irony

is the expression of something which is contrary to the intended meaning. The words say one thing but mean the other.

Metaphor

compares two things by saying that one of them is the other.

Metonymy

is an image that is associated with a bigger idea.

Oxymoron

is a paradox reduced to two words, usually in an adjective-noun or adverb-adjective relationship. Placing two ordinarily opposing terms adjacent to one another.

Paradox

is an assertion seemingly opposite to common sense, but that may have some truth in it.

Parallelism

is when several parts of the sentence or several sentences are expressed similarly to show that the ideas in the parts or sentences are equal in importance. This also adds balance, rhythm, and clarity to the sentence.

Polysyndeton

is using a conjunction between each word, phrase, or clause. It is structurally opposite to an asyndeton, but gives the same effect of things building up.

Zuegma

two different words linked to a verb or an adjective which is strictly appropriate to one of them. (Donated hair and hope to cancer patients)