History WW1

Austro-Hungarian archduke was assassinated on June 28, 1914

Franz Ferdinand

A bosnian student who assassinated Franz Ferdinand

Gavrilo Princip

group of secret Serbian nationalist military society aiming to liberate serbs under Austro-Hungarian rule

Black Hand

A belief or policy that emphasizes the maintenance of a strong military and the readiness to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Militarism

Agreements or pacts between two or more countries to support each other in times of war or conflict. These can be political, military, or economic.

Alliances

A policy or ideology where a nation extends its power and dominion over other countries, often through colonization, conquest, or economic dominance.

Imperialism

A strong sense of pride, loyalty, and devotion to one's own nation or ethnic group, often accompanied by the belief that one's country should be independent and have the right to govern itself.

Nationalism

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It was aimed at counterbalancing the power of the Triple Entente and ensuring mutual defense in the event of a war.

Triple Alliance

A military alliance formed between France, Russia, and the United Kingdom. It was created as a counter to the Triple Alliance and was later expanded with other nations joining during World War I.

Triple Entente

A situation in a conflict or war where neither side is able to achieve a decisive victory or make progress, often resulting in a prolonged deadlock or pause in fighting.

Stalemate

Many soldiers at the start of the war was lured in by it about how war will end quick and that they will die heroically

Role of propaganda

The plan called for Germany to first defeat France quickly by advancing through Belgium, then shift its forces to fight Russia on the Eastern Front. The goal was to avoid prolonged conflict with both France and Russia simultaneously. However, the plan failed.

Schlieffen Plan

was the main theater of battle during World War I, stretching from the North Sea in the west to the Swiss border in the south, mostly through Belgium and France.

Western Front

World War I was the battlefield between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire on one side, and Russia on the other. It extended from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south.

Eastern Front

Both sides dug into their own respective trenches armed with machine guns and barbed wire. It was also supported by heavy artillery in the back. Not much ground was gained while fighting.

Trench Warfare

on May 7, 1915, killed more than 120 US citizens and provoked outrage in the US.

Lusitania

At the start of the war, president ____ declared that they would remain neutral at the start of the war but the sinking the Lusitania enraged the US into the war.

Wilson

Stated that Germany was to blame for the entire war and forced them to diminish their army and completely get rid of their airforce as well.

War Guilt Clause

aimed at establishing lasting peace after World War I. These points included ideas like open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, free trade, disarmament, and self-determination for nations. Created the League of nations

14 Points

Proposed by Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points, this was the first international organization aimed at maintaining world peace. It was established in 1920 but struggled due to the absence of major powers like the U.S. and eventually dissolved in 1946, replaced by the United Nations

League of Nations

Signing of the armistice that ended WWI

11/11/18

Refers to the leaders of the Allied powers at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919—Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), Georges Clemenceau (France), and David Lloyd George (Britain)

Big Three

Signed on June 28, 1919, this treaty officially ended the war between Germany and the Allied powers. It imposed harsh reparations on Germany, redrew national boundaries, and included the Covenant of the League of Nations. Its terms were controversial and contributed to tensions leading to World War II

Treaty of Versailles

theory that applies Charles Darwin’s ideas of natural selection to human society. It suggests that competition among individuals, businesses, or nations leads to the survival of the fittest, justifying social inequality, economic competition, and even imperial expansion. While popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was widely criticized for its role in reinforcing racial and class-based hierarchies.

Social Darwinism

initially under the British East India Company and later under direct rule by the British Crown. India was a valuable colony, supplying raw materials and serving as a major trade hub. British policies led to economic dependence, social changes, and nationalist movements such as the Indian independence struggle, which culminated in India’s liberation in 1947.

Great Britain’s Imperialism of India

Britain forced China to allow opium imports. The resulting treaties granted Britain trade privileges and control over Hong Kong. These events weakened China’s sovereignty, contributed to internal instability, and fueled nationalist movements, eventually leading to major reforms and revolutions.

Great Britain’s Imperialism of China

 the process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture, language, and customs of another society, often losing aspects of their original identity.

Assimilation

A meeting of European powers to establish rules for the colonization of Africa, aiming to avoid conflicts among imperial nations. Led by Otto von Bismarck, the conference resulted in the partitioning of Africa without considering the interests of its people, leading to long-term social, economic, and political consequences for African nations.

Berlin Conference

Germany’s military strategy during World War I, designed to avoid a two-front war by quickly defeating France before turning to fight Russia. The plan involved invading France through Belgium, but it ultimately failed due to logistical challenges, strong resistance, and modifications by German commanders. Its failure led to prolonged trench warfare and contributed to the stalemate on the Western Front

Schlieffen Plan