EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE - PART 2

NINE PERIODS OF EGYPTIAN HISTORY

PREDYNASTIC

• ARCHAIC

• the time just before Narmer’s unification

EARLY DYNASTIC

• period from the unification of Egypt up to the raising of the first pyramid

OLD KINGDOM

great age of pyramid that Zoser initiated

FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

• period of anarchy and chaos

MIDDLE KINGDOM

Egypt reassumed power

SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

Egypt experienced another decline

NEW KINGDOM

resurrected itself again in a final great era of art and military success

LATE PERIOD

a slow decline

PTOLEMIC PERIOD

the ancient Egypt’s final era

MENES

• a ruler from Upper Egypt who unified Egypt by conquering other kingdoms from the Lower Egypt

NARMER PALETTE

MENES

MASTABA

STEPPED PYRAMID OD SAQQARA

• from a mastaba, the structure had evolved into six layers and rose to a height of 204 feet

KING SNEFERU

was the pharaoh of the fourth dynasty; known for three major building projects

MEIDUM PYRAMID

• called the “False pyramid, “fake pyramid” or “collapsed pyramid” and was never used as a burial chamber

BENT PYRAMID

• Southern-Shining-Pyramid or Sneferu-(is)-Shining-in-the-South. 

• Height: 101.1 meters (332 ft) 

• Base: 188.6 meters (619 ft) 

• Slope 54 degrees 27 ft (lower) 

• Slope 43 degrees 22 ft (upper) 

• Casing: limestone

RED PYRAMID

• called the North Pyramid or the Bat Pyramid, Shining Pyramid 

• Type: True Pyramid 

• Height: 104 meters (324 ft) 

• Base: 220 meters (772 ft) 

• Slope: 43 degrees 

• Casing: limestone

KING KHUFU

• son of SNEFERU

• known as the builder of the first rightly proportioned true Pyramid at Giza 

KHNUM -KHUFU

• which means “the god KHNUM protects me”

• “The Pyramid in the Place of Sunrise and Sunset” 

• the largest pyramid ever built , it incorporates about 2.3 million stone blocks, weighing an average of 2.5 to 15 tons each 

KING DJEDEFRE

• son and immediate successor of KHUFU; 

• his name means “ENDURING LIKE RE”

KING KHAFRE/A (CHEPHREN)

• the son of KHUFU

• name means “Appearing like Ra” 

• known as the second builder of the second largest pyramid of Giza

KING MENKAURE / MYCERINUS

• the son and successor of KHAFRE

• known to build “THE DIVINE PYRAMID”