Cell structure

Eukaryotic vs prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not

What are organelles

Structures found inside a cell

Nucleus size usually

5-10 μm

Draw a nucleus

What kind of cells is the nucleus in

All eukaryotic cells except red blood cells

What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Nuclear envelope (double membrane)

Why does the nuclear envelope have pores

Allow mRNA and ribosomes out; allow enzymes in

What is chromatin

Material which chromosomes are made from; found in the nucleus

What is the nucleolus

Structure inside the nucleus where ribosomes are produced

What surrounds the nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum + ribosomes

Size of mitochondria usually

0.5-1μm

Name features of the nucleus

Nucleolus, chromatin, nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores

Function of a mitochondrion

Site of aerobic respiration in all eukaryotic cells

Describe structure of mitochondria

Surrounded by double membrane; inner membrane folds to form cristae

What are cristae

Structures formed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion

What is the matrix

Inside cristae of mitochondria; contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration

Where are mitochondria found

Eukaryotic cells; self replicating so abundant in cells where much metabolic activity takes place to provide energy

Chloroplast size usually

2-10μm

Where are chloroplasts found

Plant cells which photosynthesise

Chloroplast structure

Double membrane, then thylakoid membranes form grana joined together by lamellae

What are thylakoids

Membrane bound structures in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis

What else do chloroplasts contain other then thylakoids

Small circular pieces of DNA, ribosomes, stroma (like cytoplasm)

Ribosome structure

No membrane

Where are ribosomes normally found in cells

Cytoplasm/RER