Lesson 18: Health and lifestyles

What is meant by healthy lifestyles?

Healthy lifestyles are a global strategy focused on disease prevention and health promotion, considered a modern health trend.

Which organization set the healthy lifestyle trend and when?

The World Health Organization set the healthy lifestyle trend in 2004.

Why are lifestyles considered important determinants of health?

Lifestyles act as determinants and conditioning factors of health because they include risk and protective factors that influence well-being.

Why is the impact of lifestyle on health increasingly important?

Because the main causes of death are shifting from infectious diseases to environmental and lifestyle-related factors.

What is the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?

It is a WHO document created in 1986 during the first International Conference on Health Promotion in Ottawa, Canada.

How does the Ottawa Charter define health promotion?

Health promotion is the process that enables people to improve their health and gain greater control over it.

How does the Ottawa Charter view healthy lifestyles?

Healthy lifestyles are considered a key component of health promotion, as health is created in daily life through care for oneself and others.

What are the three basic strategies identified by the Ottawa Charter?

Advocacy, mediating, and enabling.

What does advocacy mean in health promotion?

Advocacy means speaking on behalf of others to gain support for a specific health issue or concern.

What does mediating mean in health promotion?

Mediating refers to intersectoral collaboration where different groups work together to resolve conflicts on health issues.

What does enabling mean in health promotion?

Enabling is the process by which people gain more control over the factors that influence their health.

What are the fundamental characteristics of a healthy lifestyle?

Healthy lifestyles are behavioral and observable, require consistent maintenance, include a wide range of behaviors, and share underlying influences without a common etiology.

Why do we analyze lifestyle variables?

To identify causes of disease, address increasing concern in young populations, and improve quality of life and life expectancy.

Which variables are important when analyzing lifestyles?

Alcohol and tobacco consumption, dietary habits, physical activity and rest, medication use, sexual behavior, medical check-ups, dental hygiene, and illegal drug use.

Which lifestyle factors are associated with chronic non-communicable diseases?

Physical inactivity, obesogenic environment, poor dietary habits, substance abuse, and emotional well-being.

Which chronic non-communicable diseases can be prevented through healthy lifestyles?

Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and cancer.

Why must lifestyle interventions be adapted to age groups?

How are individuals classified in relation to lifestyle and NCDs?

Apparently healthy without risk factors, apparently healthy with risk factors, individuals with NCDs without complications, and individuals with NCDs with complications.

Where are healthy lifestyles promoted?

At home, at school, and at work, involving society as a whole.

What is the relationship between physical activity and health?

Physical activity provides multiple health benefits for all people.

Why has sedentary lifestyle increased?

Because societal changes have transformed lifestyles into more sedentary models.

How can physical activity be improved?

By engaging in physical activity almost every day of the week.

Why is smoking prevention important?

Because tobacco is the leading cause of preventable diseases worldwide.

What are the benefits of a tobacco-free lifestyle?

Better appearance, breath, energy, life expectancy, reduced anxiety, stronger senses, increased fertility, and improved sex life.

What steps help people quit smoking?

Preparing a plan, setting a quit date, informing others, expecting difficulties, and understanding withdrawal symptoms.

What are withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation?

They are temporary physical and psychological symptoms that occur as the body recovers.

What influences healthy eating decisions?

Knowledge, emotions, skills, and environmental factors.

What are the seven food groups?

Milk products; meat, fish and eggs; potatoes, legumes and nuts; vegetables; fruits; cereals and derivatives, sugar and sweets; fats, oils and butter.

What are macronutrients and micronutrients?

Macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, while micronutrients are vitamins and minerals.

What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates?

Simple carbohydrates are sugars digested quickly and raise blood glucose rapidly, while complex carbohydrates are digested more slowly.

Why can excessive carbohydrate intake be harmful?

Because repeated glucose spikes and insulin release can contribute to diseases such as diabetes and obesity.

What health risks are associated with excessive protein intake?

It can damage the kidneys due to excess urea elimination and increase the risk of osteoporosis by promoting calcium loss from bones.

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature and mainly of animal origin, while unsaturated fats are liquid and mainly of plant origin.

What are trans fats?

Trans fats are hydrogenated fats produced industrially from vegetable fats, converting unsaturated fats into saturated fats.

What are the main recommendations for healthy nutrition?

Eat a variety of foods, control portion sizes, reduce saturated fat, salt and sugar, distribute meals evenly, and drink water.

Why is alcohol considered unhealthy?

Alcohol provides empty calories, causes dehydration due to its diuretic effect, and contributes to hangover symptoms.

How is alcohol eliminated from the body?

Through evaporation, excretion, and metabolism.

Why are accidents a public health concern?

Because unintentional injuries are frequent causes of death and disability.

Which types of accident prevention are important?

Traffic injury, drowning, falls, burns, poisoning, intoxication, and choking prevention.

How is emotional well-being related to health?

Emotional well-being is linked to health because managing emotions and stress is essential for a healthy lifestyle.

Which strategies help prevent stress?

Rest, physical activity, self-esteem, problem solving, social relationships, and healthy food.