Respiratory system

Rhinitis

inflammation of the nasal mucosa

sneezing, wheezing, stertor, and nasal discharges

general clinical signs of rhinitis

chronic rhinitis

rhinitis caused by dusty environments

acute rhinitis

rhinitis caused by inhalation of smoke and fumes

rhinitis sicca

chronic equine grass sickness causes this

serous, mucoid, purulent

types of nasal discharges in rhinitis

sneezing

hallmark of the acute phase of rhinitis

nasal swabs or scrapings

diagnostic test for rhinitis

eosinophils

this is increased in allergic rhinitis

facial sinus or guttural pouch inflammation

differential diagnosis of rhinitis

removal, saline irrigation, nasal decongestant

treatment for rhinitis with nasal obstruction

stall rest, antihistamine

treatment for allergic rhinitis

progressive ethmoidal hematomas

non-neoplastic tumors encapsulated, expanding, and insidious highly associated to papilloma virus

chronic unilateral nasal discharge

most common clinical sign of progressive ethmoidal hematoma

false

progressive ethmoidal hematoma is related to exercise

sphenopalatine sinus

common paranasal sinus invaded by ethmoidal hematoma

epistaxis

bleeding from the nostril where hemorrhage may come from anywhere

hemoptysis

coughing up of blood where hemorrhage is usually from the lungs

determine location of hemorrhage

paramount diagnostic priority in epistaxis and hemoptysis

unclotted

description of blood of epistaxis in systemic diseases

clotted

description of blood of epistaxis in trauma or vessel erosions

frequent swallowing and short explosive coughs with blood

indicates pharyngeal lesions

no treatment

treatment for traumatic nasal mucosa injuries

surgery

treatment for space occupying nasal mucosa lesions

rest, blood transfusion, hematinics

general supportive therapy for epistaxis and hemoptysis

pharyngitis

associated with upper airway infections with similarities to tonsilitis in children

follicular lymphoid hyperplaisa

hallmark finding in pharyngitis

thoroughbred racehorses

breed predisposition to pharyngitis

2 to 3 months

age when pharyngitis may be detectable

2 years old

age of peak prevalence and severity of pharyngitis

diffuse, multiple, small, white

description of nodules found on the pharyngeal roof and walls

laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis

characterized by cough, noisy inspiration and dyspnea

atelectasis

collapse of alveoli due to failure of alveoli to inflate or compression of alveoli

obstruction atelectasis

secondary to airway obstruction common in animals with pneumonia and foreign body aspiration

compression atelectasis

intrathoracic pressure exceeds alveolar pressure leading to deflation of alveoli

contraction atelectasis

compression of lung parts due to fibrotic changes in the pleura

patchy atelectasis

absence of surfactant occuring in newborns

aspiration pneumonia

occurs after careless drenching

diaphragmatic hernia

incomplete diaphragm formation during embryogenesis

septum transversum, dorsal embryonic mesentery, pleuroperitoneal folds, body wall mesenchyme

the borders of the diaphragm