lab practical 2

lab 4-6

parietal bone

frontal

temporal

occipital

sphenoid bone

coronal suture

squamous suture

lambdoid suture

zygomatic bone

mastoid process

styloid process

sagittal suture

superior nuchal line

external occipital protuberance

zygomatic process inferior view

mandibular fossa inferior view

foramen magnum

occipital condyle

sphenoid bone inferior view

ethmoid bone cribriform plate

ethmoid bone Crista galli

sella turcica

nasal

sphenoid bone anterior view

ethmoid bone anterior view

lacrimal bone

zygomatic bone anterior view

maxilla

mandible

middle nasal concha ethmoid bone

perpendicular plate ethmoid bone

inferior nasal concha

vomer

palatine

vomer inferior view

temporal process

coronoid process

mandibular angle

mandibular ramus

condylar process

temporomandibular joint

ramus of mandible

body of mandible

mandibular fossa of temporal bone

movements permitted by the TMJ

elevation depression protraction retraction and lateral movements

How is TMJ formed

mandibular fossa and condylar process

hyoid bone functions

attachment point for the neck

muscles that move the larynx

forms a moveable base for the tongue

orbicularis oculi location

orbicularis oculi function

closes eyes

zygomaticus location

zygomaticus function

raises the lateral corners of the mouth (smiling muscle)

orbicularis oris location

orbicularis oris function

closes the lips

platysma location

platysma function

tenses the skin of the neck, depresses the mandible and pulls lips back and down

buccinator location

buccinator function

compresses the cheek, which helps hold food between teeth during chewing

masseter function

elevates the mandible to close the jaw

masseter location

sternocleidomastoid location

sternocleidomastoid function

flexes the head, tilts the head to the side and rotates the head

digastric location

digastric function

depresses the mandible to open the jaw

cervical

c1-c7

thoracic

t1-t12

lumbar

l1-l5

sacrum

5 fused vertebrae

coccyx

4 fused vertebrae

vertebral arch

3

spinous process

1

transverse process

2

superior articular process

7

vertebral foramen

6

body

9

cervical vertebrae features

oval body

short bifid spinous process except c7

large triangular vertebral foramen

each transverse process contains a transverse foramen

Atlas

c1

axis

c2

dens

thoracic vertebrae features

heart shaped body

long downward pointing spinous process

circular vertebral foramen

only vertebrae that articulate with the ribs

lumbar vertebrae features

large block like body

short blunt posterior projecting spinous process

triangular vertebral foramen

short then transverse process

sacral foramina

median sacral crest

superior articular process and facets of sacrum

auricular surface

true ribs

1-7

false ribs

8-12

jugular notch

clavicular notch

sternum

manubrium

sternal angle

body of sternum

xiphoid process

vertebral chondral cartilage connect to costal cartilage above it

ribs 8, 9 10,

floating ribs

costal cartilage

shaft of rib

tubercle of rib

head of rib

neck of rib