APUSH TERMS

jingoism

jingoism

extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign policy

Roger Williams

a Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded Providence Plantations, which became the Colony of Rhode Island and later the U.S. state of Rhode Island

he was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with Native Americans

Anne Hutchinson

a Puritan spiritual advisor, religious reformer, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy which shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638

communal

shared by all members of a community; for common use

indenture

bind (someone) by an agreement as an apprentice or laborer

rebellion

an act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler

dissent

the expression or holding of opinions at variance with those previously, commonly, or officially held

theocracy

a government controlled by religious leaders

Massasoit

the sachem or leader of the Wampanoag confederacy who throughout his life maintained peaceful relations with English settlers in the area of the Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts

proprietor

the owner of a business, or a holder of property

Metacomet

a Wampanoag whose tribe sought to live in harmony with the colonists at first; he became chief in 1662, after the deaths of his father and older brother; he took the lead in his tribe's trade with the colonists; known for King Philip's War (1675-1678)

pluralism

idea that identity cannot be reduced to a single shared essence; Under such a philosophy, distinct ethnic, cultural, and religious groups are tolerated and affirmed within a society. The philosophy contrasts with the belief, in American politics, that citizens should assimilate into a more uniform cultural identity of shared values. Contrasting metaphors portray and assimilationist United States as a melting pot vs. a pluralist mixing bowl

republicanism

belief that representative government safeguards popular liberties more reliably than does either monarchy or oligarchy and that all citizens must practice vigilance and self-denying virtue to prevent their rulers from succumbing to the temptations of power and becoming tyrants. This "classical republicanism" profoundly influenced the political views of many Americans from the mid 18th century to the mid 19th century

tyranny

cruel and oppressive government or rule

infer

deduce or conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements

Benjamin Franklin

an American polymath active as a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher. Among the leading intellectuals of his time, he was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the first United States Postmaster General

salutary neglect

the British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, especially trade laws, as long as British colonies remained loyal to the government, and contributed to the economic growth, of their parent country, England, in the 18th century

facilitate

make (an action or process) easy or easier

ostensibly

apparently or purportedly, but perhaps not actually

John Winthrop

an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England following Plymouth Colony. He led the first large wave of colonists from England in 1630 and served as governor for 12 of the colony's first 20 years

William Penn

an English writer and religious thinker belonging to the Religious Society of Friends, and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, a North American colony of England

sachem

(among some North American Indian peoples) a chief

Stono Rebellion

a slave revolt that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave rebellion in the Southern Colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed

imperial

relating to an empire

ideal

satisfying one's conception of what is perfect; most suitable

homogeny

the quality or state of being all the same or all of the same kind

Anglo-Saxon

relating to or denoting the Germanic inhabitants of England from their arrival in the 5th century up to the Norman Conquest

Scots-Irish

A group of restless people who fled their home in Scotland in the 1600s to escape poverty and religious oppression. They first relocated to Ireland and then to America in the 1700s. They left their mark on the backcountry of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia. These areas are home to many Presbyterian churches established by the them. Many people in these areas are still very independent like their ancestors.

custom

a tax that people pay for importing and exporting goods

colonial

relating to the period of the British colonies in America before independence