court cases flashcards

First U.S. Supreme Court case to declare a law unconstitutional

Marbury v. Madison

Established the principle of judicial review

Marbury v. Madison

John Marshall was Chief Justice

Marbury v. Madison

Case arose from William Marbury not receiving his judicial commission

Marbury v. Madison

Involved the Judiciary Act of 1789

Marbury v. Madison

Strengthened the judiciary as a co-equal branch of government

Marbury v. Madison

Madison was Secretary of State who withheld the commission

Marbury v. Madison

Court ruled it did not have original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus

Marbury v. Madison

Showed limits on Supreme Court power under Constitution

Marbury v. Madison

Reinforced that Constitution is supreme law of the land

Marbury v. Madison

First major assertion of checks and balances by judiciary

Marbury v. Madison

Set precedent for Supreme Court to strike down laws

Marbury v. Madison

Decision written in 1803

Marbury v. Madison

Expanded judicial authority by interpreting Constitution broadly

Marbury v. Madison

Strengthened separation of powers in U.S. system

Marbury v. Madison

Marbury was appointed by outgoing President John Adams

Marbury v. Madison

“Midnight Judges” controversy tied to this case

Marbury v. Madison

Case outcome: Marbury did not get his commission

Marbury v. Madison

Defined role of Supreme Court in interpreting Constitution

Marbury v. Madison

Congress’s attempt to expand Court’s power was struck down

Marbury v. Madison

Famous quote: “It is emphatically the duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is”

Marbury v. Madison

Strengthened power of federal courts over Congress

Marbury v. Madison

Judicial branch confirmed as a check on executive and legislative branches

Marbury v. Madison

Without this case

judicial review may not have been firmly established

Foundation of American constitutional law

Marbury v. Madison

Concerned state taxation of the national bank

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland attempted to tax the Baltimore branch of the U.S. Bank

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court ruled states cannot tax federal institutions

McCulloch v. Maryland

Established doctrine of implied powers

McCulloch v. Maryland

Based on the Necessary and Proper Clause

McCulloch v. Maryland

John Marshall was Chief Justice

McCulloch v. Maryland

Strengthened power of federal government over states

McCulloch v. Maryland

Reinforced supremacy of federal law

McCulloch v. Maryland

“The power to tax involves the power to destroy”

McCulloch v. Maryland

Bank of the United States declared constitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland

Expanded interpretation of the Constitution

McCulloch v. Maryland

Federal government can use powers not explicitly listed in Constitution

McCulloch v. Maryland

Limited states’ ability to interfere with federal government

McCulloch v. Maryland

Ruling strengthened national economic policy

McCulloch v. Maryland

First major case interpreting the Necessary and Proper Clause

McCulloch v. Maryland

McCulloch was cashier of the bank who refused to pay Maryland’s tax

McCulloch v. Maryland

Decision was unanimous

McCulloch v. Maryland

Established broad reading of federal power under Constitution

McCulloch v. Maryland

Reinforced concept of federal supremacy over state laws

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supported expansion of congressional authority

McCulloch v. Maryland

Decision made in 1819

McCulloch v. Maryland

Helped strengthen stability of national currency and banking system

McCulloch v. Maryland

Often cited in federalism debates

McCulloch v. Maryland

Strengthened the role of national government in early Republic

McCulloch v. Maryland

Major precedent for future Commerce Clause cases

McCulloch v. Maryland

Case during World War I about free speech

Schenck v. United States

Charles Schenck distributed anti-draft pamphlets

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court ruled speech can be limited during wartime

Schenck v. United States

Established “clear and present danger” test

Schenck v. United States

Case restricted First Amendment rights

Schenck v. United States

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote the opinion

Schenck v. United States

Compared limits on speech to “shouting fire in a crowded theater”

Schenck v. United States

Upheld Espionage Act of 1917

Schenck v. United States

Reinforced government power during wartime

Schenck v. United States

Limited speech encouraging resistance to the draft

Schenck v. United States

Decision made in 1919

Schenck v. United States

Schenck argued his First Amendment rights were violated

Schenck v. United States

Court said freedom of speech is not absolute

Schenck v. United States

Decision unanimous

Schenck v. United States

Clear and present danger test became standard for decades

Schenck v. United States

Strengthened government authority in times of national crisis

Schenck v. United States

Restricted civil liberties during wartime

Schenck v. United States

One of the first cases testing limits of free speech

Schenck v. United States

Holmes later revised his position in later cases

Schenck v. United States

Example of balancing liberty vs. security

Schenck v. United States

Pamphlets urged draftees to resist the draft

Schenck v. United States

Schenck convicted under Espionage Act

Schenck v. United States

Set precedent for future free speech restrictions

Schenck v. United States

Reinforced that First Amendment rights are contextual

Schenck v. United States

Landmark case in constitutional law of free expression

Schenck v. United States