Ch 10 Muscles A&P

Muscle Location/Function/Insertions

1 (lab)

Sternocleidomastoid

Location: Neck; runs from the mastoid process to the clavicle/sternum

Insertion: mastoid process

Function: one contracting alone laterally flexes head and neck to same side and rotates head and neck to opposite side. Both contracting together flexes neck, assists in elevation of ribs. Flex, laterally flex, rotate neck.

2 (lab)

Trapezius

Location: neck/back between shoulder blades

Insertion:clavicle,acromion process, scapular spine.

Function: Upper fibers unilaterally - laterally flex head/neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side, elevate the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula

Upper fibers bilaterally - extend the head

Middle fibers - adduct the scapula, stabilize the scapula

Lower fibers - depress scapula, upwardly rate scapula

1 (lab)

Sternocleidomastoid

Location: Neck; runs from the mastoid process to the clavicle/sternum

Insertion: mastoid process

Function: one contracting alone laterally flexes head and neck to same side and rotates head and neck to opposite side. Both contracting together flexes neck, assists in elevation of ribs. Flex, laterally flex, rotate neck.

2 (lab)

Trapezius

Location: neck/back between shoulder blades

Insertion:clavicle,acromion process, scapular spine.

Function: Upper fibers unilaterally - laterally flex head/neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side, elevate the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula

Upper fibers bilaterally - extend the head

Middle fibers - adduct the scapula, stabilize the scapula

Lower fibers - depress scapula, upwardly rate scapula

1 (lab)

Orbicularis occuli

Location: ring around the eye

Insertion:maxilla/frontal bones (close to origin)

Function: closes eyes

2 (lab)

Orbicularis oris

Location: ring of muscles around the mouth

Insertion: fascia and other muscles of lips

Function: puckers lips

3 (lab)

Masseter

Location: side of mandible

Insertion: lateral side of mandibular ramus

Function: elevates mandible

1

Temporalis tendon

Insertion: coronoid process of mandible

Function: connects jaw bone to Temporalis muscle

2

Medial pterygoid

Insertion: medial surface of mandible

Function: elevation, protraction, and excursion of the mandible

3

Lateral pterygoid

Insertion: condylar process of mandible and articular disk

Function: depression/excursion/protraction of mandible

1

Lateral pterygoid

Insertion: condylar process of mandible and articular disk

Function: depression/excursion/protraction of mandible

2

Medial pterygoid

Insertion: medial surface of mandible

Function: elevation, protraction, and excursion of the mandible

1(lab)

Temporalis

location: fan shaped muscle that fills the temporal fossa

Insertion: anterior portion of mandibular ramus/coronoid process

Function: anteriores portion elevates mandible, posterior portion retrudes mandible

2 (lab)

Masseter

Insertion: lateral slide of mandibular ramus

Function: elevates mandible

1

Superior oblique

Insertion: sclera of eye

Function: depresses/laterally moves eye

1

Inferior oblique

Insertion: sclera of eye

Function: elevates/laterally moves eye

1

Interspinalis

Insertion: next superior transverse process

Function: extends back/neck

2

Erector spinae

Insertion: spinous processes

Function: lateral flexion of spine

1

anterior scalene

Insertion: first rib

Function: elevates first rib

2

Middle scalene

Insertion: first rib

Function: elevates first rib

3

Posterior scalene

Insertion: second rib

Function: elevates second rib

4

Internal intercostals

Insertion: inferior border of next rib above

Function: forced expiration depresses ribs

5

Diaphragm

Insertion: central tendon of diaphragm

Function: inspiration depresses floor of thorax

6

external intercostals

Insertion: superior border of next rib below

Function: quiet inspiration elevates ribs

1

external intercostals

Insertion: superior border of next rib below

Function: quiet inspiration elevates ribs

2

Internal intercostals

Insertion: inferior border of next rib above

Function: forced expiration depresses ribs

1 (lab)

Rectus abdominis

Location: the six pack of stomach

Insertion: xiphoid process and inferior ribs

Function: flexes vertebral column

2 (lab)

External abdominal oblique

Location: extends from the anterior iliac to the lower ribs

Insertion: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, Rectus sheath

Function: unilaterally - laterally flexes the vertebral column to same side, rotates vertebral column to the opposite side

Bilaterally - flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal contents

3 (lab)

Internal abdominal oblique

Location: bordered by iliac crest, inferior border of ribs continuous with thoracolumbar facia. Located deep to external oblique. Muscle fibers run perpendicular to external abdominal oblique.

Insertion: 10th-12th ribs, Rectus sheath

Function: accessory muscle in respiration, antagonizes action of diaphragm, assists with ipsilateral rotation and side bending

4 (lab)

Transverse abdominus

Location: anterior-lateral abdominal wall, deep to internal oblique

Insertion: xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic tubercle

Function: compresses ribs and organs, helps with support and stability of torso, used in childbirth

5 (lab)

External abdominal oblique

Location: extends from the anterior iliac to the lower ribs

Insertion: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, Rectus sheath

Function: unilaterally - laterally flexes the vertebral column to same side, rotates vertebral column to the opposite side

Bilaterally - flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal contents

6 (lab)

Linea alba

Location: Center body line

Insertion: pubic symphysis

1

Levator scapulae

Insertion: superior angle of scapula

Function: elevation/retraction/rotation of scapula, laterally flexes neck

2 (lab)

Rhomboideus minor (only need to know ‘rhomboideus’ for lab ie both muscles together)

Location: from medial border of scapula to spinous processes of c-7 through t-5

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Function: adduct/elevates/downardly rotates scapula

3 (lab)

Rhomboideus major (only need to know ‘rhomboideus’ for lab ie both muscles together)

Location: from medial border of scapula to spinous processes of c-7 through t-5

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Function: adduct/elevates/downardly rotates scapula

4 (lab)

Trapezius

Location: neck/back between shoulder blades

Insertion:clavicle,acromion process, scapular spine.

Function: Upper fibers unilaterally - laterally flex head/neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side, elevate the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula

Upper fibers bilaterally - extend the head

Middle fibers - adduct the scapula, stabilize the scapula

Lower fibers - depress scapula, upwardly rotate scapula

1 (lab)

Deltoid

Location: runs over shoulder

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Function: all fibers - abduct the shoulder

Anterior fibers - flex/medially rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

Posterior fibers - extend/laterally rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

2 (lab)

Pectoralis major

Location: upper portion of chest

Insertion: lateral crest of intertubercular groove

Function: horizontally adducts/flexes/extends/medially rotates shoulder, assists in elevating thorax during forced inhalation

3 (lab)

Biceps brachii

Location: anterior to humerus

Insertion: radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of biceps brachii

Function: flexes shoulder/elbow, supinates forearm

4

Serratus anterior

Location: below armpits

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Function: abduct/depress scapula, holds medial border of scapula against the rib cage

5 (lab?)

Deltoid

Location: runs over shoulder

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Function: all fibers - abduct the shoulder

Anterior fibers - flex/medially rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

Posterior fibers - extend/laterally rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

1

Sternocleidomastoid

Insertion: mastoid process

Location: Neck; runs from the mastoid process to the clavicle/sternum

Function: one contracting alone laterally flexes head and neck to same side and rotates head and neck to opposite side. Both contracting together flexes neck, assists in elevation of ribs. Flex, laterally flex, rotate neck.

2 (lab)

Pectoralis major

Location: upper portion of chest

Insertion: lateral crest of intertubercular groove

Function: horizontally adducts/flexes/extends/medially rotates shoulder, assists in elevating thorax during forced inhalation

3

Serratus anterior

Location: below armpits

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Function: abduct/depress scapula, holds medial border of scapula against the rib cage

4

Teres major/latissimus dorsi

5 (lab)

Biceps brachii

Location: anterior to humerus

Insertion: radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of biceps brachii

Function: flexes shoulder/elbow, supinates forearm

6 (lab)

Deltoid

Location: runs over shoulder

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Function: all fibers - abduct the shoulder

Anterior fibers - flex/medially rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

Posterior fibers - extend/laterally rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

7 (lab)

Trapezius

Location: neck/back between shoulder blades

Insertion:clavicle,acromion process, scapular spine.

Function: Upper fibers unilaterally - laterally flex head/neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side, elevate the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula

Upper fibers bilaterally - extend the head

Middle fibers - adduct the scapula, stabilize the scapula

Lower fibers - depress scapula, upwardly rate scapula

1

Levator scapulae

Insertion: superior angle of scapula

Function: elevation/retraction/rotation of scapula, laterally flexes neck

4 (lab)

Rhomboideus minor

Location: from medial border of scapula to spinous processes of c-7 through t-5

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Function: adduct/elevates/downardly rotates scapula

8 (lab)

Rhomboideus major

Location: from medial border of scapula to spinous processes of c-7 through t-5

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Function: adduct/elevates/downardly rotates scapula

2

Rotator cuff

Function: flexion, extension, abduction, abduction, rotation, circumspection of arm

3 (lab)

Teres major

Location: runs along laterally scapula, runs between humerus and scapula

Insertion: humerus

Function: adducts and medially rotates humerus

7

Latissimus dorsi

Location: extends from lumbar obliquely across the back around to the ribs and Pectoralis major

Insertion: medial crest of intertubercular groove

Function: extends/adducts/medially rotates shoulder

5 (lab)

External abdominal oblique

Location: extends from the anterior iliac to the lower ribs

Insertion: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, Rectus sheath

Function: unilaterally - laterally flexes the vertebral column to same side, rotates vertebral column to the opposite side

Bilaterally - flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal contents

1

Supraspinatus

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Function: abducts arm, holds head of humerus in place

2

Subscapularis

Insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus

Function: medially rotates arm, holds head of humerus in place

3

Infraspinatus

Insertion:greater tubercle of humerus

Function: laterally rotates arm, holds head of humerus in place

4

Teres minor

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Function: laterally rotates and adducts arm, holds head of humerus in place

1 (lab)

Deltoid

Location: runs over shoulder

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Function: all fibers - abduct the shoulder

Anterior fibers - flex/medially rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

Posterior fibers - extend/laterally rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

2 (lab)

Biceps brachii

Location: anterior to humerus

Insertion: radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of biceps brachii

Function: flexes shoulder/elbow, supinates forearm

3 (lab)

Brachialis

Location: distal portion of upper arm

Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

Function: flexes elbow

4 (lab)

Brachioradialis

Location: superficial, proximal lateral forearm, forms lateral border of cubital fossa

Insertion: styloid process of radius

Function: flexes elbow, pronation/supination

5 (lab)

Triceps brachii

Location: posterior to humerus

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Function: extends elbow, adducts shoulder

1

Deltoid

Location: runs over shoulder

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Function: all fibers - abduct the shoulder

Anterior fibers - flex/medially rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

Posterior fibers - extend/laterally rotate/horizontally adduct shoulder

2 (lab)

Pectoralis major

Location: upper portion of chest

Insertion: humerus

Function: horizontally adducts/flexes/extends/medially rotates shoulder, assists in elevating thorax during forced inhalation

3 (lab)

Biceps brachii

Location: anterior to humerus

Insertion: radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of biceps brachii

Function: flexes shoulder/elbow, supinates forearm

4 (lab)

Brachialis

Location: distal portion of upper arm

Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

Function: flexes elbow

5 (lab)

Brachioradialis

Location: superficial, proximal lateral forearm, forms lateral border of cubital fossa

Insertion: styloid process of radius

Function: flexes elbow, pronation/supination

6 (lab)

Triceps brachii

Location: posterior to humerus

Insertion: olecranon process of ulna

Function: extends elbow, adducts shoulder

1 (lab)

Flexor digitorum

Location: anterior forearm

Insertion: distal phalanges digits 2-5

Function: flexes fingers 2-5, assists to flex the wrist

2

Pronator

Insertion: distal radius

Function: pronates forearm/hand

3

Flexor

Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb

Function: flexes thumb

4

Supinator

Insertion: radius

Function: supinates forearm/hand

1

Forearm flexors

Insertion: wrists/fingers

Function: flexion of finger/wrist

2

Forearm extensors

Insertion: wrists/fingers

Function: extension of wrist/fingers

1

Extensor

Insertion: base of second metacarpal

Function: extends and abducts wrist

2

Extensor

Insertion: base of theirs metacarpal bone

Function: extends/abducts wrist

3

Abductor

Insertion: base of first metacarpal bone

Function: abducts and extends thumb, abducts wrist

4

Extensor

Insertion: lateral radius

Function: prevents displacement of extensors and bones

5 (lab)

Extensor digitorum

Location: posterior forearm

Insertion: extensor tendon expansion over phalanges 2-5

Function: extends fingers 2-5/wrist

6

Extensor

Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal bone

Function: extends/adducts wrist

7

Flexor

Insertion: lateral carpals, 5th metacarpal bone

Function:flexes/adducts the wrist

1

Extensor

Insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bone

Function: extend/abduct wrist

2

Tendons of Extensor

1

Iliopsoas

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Function: flexes hip

2

Adductor longus

Insertion: linea aspera of femur

Function: adducts and laterally rotates thigh, flexes hip

3 (lab)

Gracilis

Location: medial femur, below Sartorius

Insertion: tibia

Function: adducts/medially rotates hip, flexes knee/medially rotates the flexed knee

4 (lab)

Sartorius

Location: stretches from hip, over anterior femur, to medial tibia

insertion: medial side of tibial tuberosity

Function: flexes hip/knee, rotates thigh laterally and leg medially, abducts hip

5 (lab)

Rectus femoris

Location: superficial femur, directly above patella

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee, flexes hip

6

Vastas intermedius

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee

7

Quadriceps

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee, flexes hip

8 (lab)

Vastus medialis

Location: superficial medial femur, above patella

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee

9 (lab)

Vastus lateralis

Location: superficial lateral femur, above patella

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee

10

Tensor fasciae latae

Insertion: lateral condole of tibia

Function: stabilizes femur on tibia, flexes hip, abducts/medially rotates thigh, tilts pelvis

1 (lab)

Sartorius

Location: stretches from hip, over anterior femur, to medial tibia

insertion: medial side of tibial tuberosity

Function: flexes hip/knee, rotates thigh laterally and leg medially, abducts hip

2

Adductors

3 (lab)

Vastus medialis

Location: superficial medial femur, above patella

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee

4 (lab)

Vastus lateralis

Location: superficial lateral femur, above patella

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee

5 (lab)

Rectus femoris

Location: superficial femur, directly above patella

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity

Function: extends knee, flexes hip