Respiratory System Lecture 6/23

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the respiratory system lecture, including gas laws, airway anatomy, mechanics of breathing, lung volumes, gas exchange, and types of hypoxia.

pH is defined as .

−log[H+]

In the bicarbonate buffer reaction, CO₂ + H₂O forms before dissociating.

H₂CO₃ (carbonic acid)

Pulmonary ventilation is the process of .

air moving into and out of the lungs

External respiration moves gases from the lungs into the .

blood (pulmonary capillaries)

Internal respiration delivers O₂ from blood to the .

body cells (tissues)

The airway region where no gas exchange occurs is called the .

conducting zone (anatomical dead space)

The respiratory zone is the part of the airway where occurs.

gas exchange

Airways above the larynx make up the airway.

upper

The nose acts as a chamber enhancing voice resonance.

resonance

The nasal cavity houses receptors.

olfactory

Nasal passages warm and incoming air.

moisten

Most conducting airways are lined by columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

ciliated pseudostratified

The pharyngeal division that carries only air is the .

nasopharynx

The oropharynx conducts both food and .

air

The laryngopharynx is lined by epithelium to resist friction.

stratified squamous

The cartilage acting as a lid to keep food out of the airway is the .

epiglottis

The only complete ring of cartilage in the larynx, site of emergency airway access, is the cartilage.

cricoid

The Valsalva maneuver is a forced exhalation against a closed .

glottis

Type II alveolar cells secrete .

surfactant

Pores of Kohn connect adjacent .

alveoli

The pleural layer touching the lung surface is the pleura.

visceral

Air in the pleural space causing lung collapse is called a .

pneumothorax

According to Boyle's law, gas pressure is proportional to volume.

inversely

The primary muscle of quiet inspiration is the .

diaphragm

Intrapleural pressure is always than intrapulmonary pressure.

lower (more negative)

Lung compliance describes how the lungs can be inflated.

easily

Tidal volume is the amount of air moved during breathing.

normal quiet

Vital capacity includes all lung volumes except volume.

residual

Dalton's law states that total pressure equals the of the partial pressures of each gas.

sum

Henry's law says that gas dissolving in liquid depends on its partial pressure and its .

solubility

A rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve reflects hemoglobin affinity for O₂.

decreased

Hypoxia caused by inadequate blood flow is called hypoxia.

ischemic

Hypoxemia refers to low oxygen content.

arterial blood

At high altitude, the partial pressure of O₂ drops even though its in air remains constant.

percentage