Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage

Flashcards about the vertebral column and thoracic cage.

The axial skeleton includes:

Skull, Hyoid bone, Auditory ossicles, Vertebral column, Thorax (Sternum & Ribs)

The two major parts of vertebrae are:

Weight-bearing region with cartilage pads between them and a ring of bone that surrounds the spinal cord

The five regions of the vertebral column are:

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

The curves in the vertebral column that curve gently inward (lordosis) are:

Cervical and Lumbar

The curve in the vertebral column that curves outward (kyphosis) is:

Thoracic

The two main parts of a typical vertebra are:

Body (anterior part) and Vertebral arch (posterior part)

The four parts of the vertebral arch are:

Pedicle, Lamina, Transverse processes, and Spine

The superior and inferior aspects of the vertebral body are lined with ___.

Hyaline cartilage

The foramina of all the vertebrae line up to form the ___, which encloses the spinal cord.

Vertebral canal

In the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs articulate with the __.

Transverse processes

The seven cervical vertebrae are characterized by their __.

Small size and presence of a foramen in each transverse process

The spinous process of a typical cervical vertebra is __.

Short and bifid

The atypical cervical vertebrae are __.

Atlas (C1) and Axis (C2)

The atlas (C1) is a __.

Ring of bone

The atlas (C1) __.

Lacks a body and a spinous process

The superior articular facets of the atlas articulate with the condyles to form the __.

Atlantooccipital joint

The 7th Cervical Vertebrae has a foramen transversarium for __.

Vertebral vein only

Cervical 7 (C7) __.

Spinous process not bifid, large project posteriorly

The articulation between the head and neck is the __.

Atlantooccipital joint

The atlantooccipital joint acts as a hinge joint allowing __.

Flexion and extension

The spinal cord lies within a bony canal formed by adjacent vertebrae and soft tissue elements called __.

Vertebral canal

The anterior wall of the vertebral canal is formed by __.

Vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, and associated ligaments

The lateral walls and roof of the vertebral canal are formed by __.

Vertebral arches and ligaments

The vertebral canal contains __.

Spinal meninges and spinal cord with nerve roots

Each intervertebral disc forms a __ to allow slight movement of the vertebrae.

Cartilaginous joint

The intervertebral discs acts as a ligament to __.

Hold the vertebrae together

The thoracic cage is composed of __.

12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs, associated costal cartilages, and sternum

The borders of the thoracic cage are __.

Thoracic part of the vertebral column (posteriorly), Sternum & costal cartilages (anteriorly), Ribs & intercostal spaces (Laterally)

The superior thoracic aperture consists of __.

Body of vertebra T1 (posteriorly), medial margin of rib I (on each side), and manubrium (anteriorly)

The inferior thoracic aperture is closed by the __.

Diaphragm

The sternum consists of __.

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

The features of the sternum are __.

Jugular (suprasternal) notch, Clavicular notch, Costal notches, and Transverse ridges

The sternal angle is formed by the __.

Articulation of the manubrium with the body of the sternum

True ribs (1-7) __.

Attach directly to the sternum

False ribs (8-10) __.

Attach to the 7th costal cartilage

Floating ribs (11-12) __.

No anterior attachment

The anatomy of a typical rib includes __.

Head, neck, tubercle, and shaft (body)

The tubercle articulates with the __ of the vertebrae.

Facet for tubercle of rib

Costal cartilages are bars of __ connecting the upper seven ribs to the sternum.

Hyaline cartilage

The joints of the thoracic cage posteriorly are __.

1. Intervertebral joints (2° cartilaginous), 2. Costovertebral joints (synovial plane), 3. Costotransverse joints (synovial plane)

The external intercostal muscle __.

Elevates ribs during forced inspiration

The internal intercostal muscle __.

Depresses ribs during forced expiration

Thoracic vertebrae are __.

Larger than cervical vertebrae with long spinous process and heart shaped vertebral body

Joint with transverse process

Costotransverse ligament

Costovertebral joints

Joint with vertebral body