BIO Carbon Compounds/Organic molecules/Biomolecules

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

4 valence electrons

Carbon can bond with many elements including…

Nitrogen,oxygen,hydrogen,sulfur, and phosphorus

What does Carbon having 4 valence electrons allow them to do?

Form strong covenant bonds

Carbon atoms can bond with each other giving Carbon the ability to form ___ that are almost ___

Chains, unlimited in length

No other element comes close to carbon’s ____?

Versatility

What is the process of making macromolecules called?

Polymerzation

What is polymerization?

small compounds coming together to form larger compounds

What are the smaller units that make polymers?

Monomers

what are the 4 major macro molecules

Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic acids

What do living things use Carbohydrates as?

Main source of energy!

___, some animals and other organisms use Carbohydrates for structural purposes.

Plants!!!!

Break-downs of sugars like glucose supplies ___ energy for cells activities.

immediate

Complex Carbohydrates that organisms use to store extra sugars knows as?

Straches

Large macromolecules that are formed by mono_____ are known as?

Monosaccharides, polysaccharides

Plants use a macromolecule called?

Plant starch

What is plant starch used for

store excess sugar

Another important polysaccharides that plants use are?

Cellulose

What are the monomers of Nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

the 3 parts of nucleotides

5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Some nucleotides including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) play important roles in ?

capturing and transferring chemical energy

What do Nucleic acids do?

Store and transmit hereditary/ genetic information

What are the two types of Nucleic acids?

ribonucleic acids (RNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

RNA contains sugar ___?

ribose

DNA contains sugar ____?

deoxy

What are the monomers of Proteins?

Amino acids

WHat are the polymers of proteins?

peptides

Covalent bonds of peptides are called?

polypeptides

What are all the functions of proteins?

Help fight disease, regulate cell process and controls rate of reaction ,form muscles and bones, transport substances in or out of cells.

how long ago did Earth’s surface BEGIN to solidify?

4 billion years ago

How long ago did Earth’s surface cool enough to form liquid water

3.8 billion years ago

WHat was the energy source that was used in the Miller-Urey experiment?

Electric sparks

What was formed by the Miller-Urey experiment?

Amino acids

What was the important takeaway from the Miller-Urey experiment?

 That organic compounds were could have came from similar compounds that were present in the early earth.

What gases do we need to use to conduct the Miller-Urey experiment?

Methane, Water vapor, and ammonia

After conducting what is the “strange brown pigment” that is made?

The “strange brown pigment” is full of organic molecules and also building blocks of both Nucleic acids and proteins. 

How many protons does carbon have?

6

What are covalent bonds?

a type of bond where they share electrons

What are Ionic bonds?

A bond where one atom transfers electrons to the other

What are chemical bonds?

A type of bond that holds atoms or ions together by a chemical compounds, molecule, or crystal