Topic 3 - Thermal Physics

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Temperature

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Definitions for Topic 3 - Thermal Physics: 3.1 - Thermal concepts 3.2 - Modelling a gas

11 Terms

1

Temperature

A measure of how hot or cold something it

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

Two objects at the same temperature are in thermal equilibrium

K=C+273

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2

Internal energy of a substance

The sum of the potential energy and the random kinetic energy of the particles in the substance

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3

Specific heat capacity

The energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a material by one kelvin

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4

Specific latent heat of fusion

The energy required to change the phase of one kilogram of a material from solid to liquid (melting)

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5

Specific latent heat of vaporization

The energy required to change the phase of one kilogram of a material from liquid to gas (boiling)

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6

Pressure

The perpendicular force applied on the surface of an object per unit area

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7

Ideal gas model

To predict the macroscopic properties of a gas based on the movement of gas particles

Gas molecules are considered tiny, point-like

The volume of each molecule is negligible

Intermolecular forces between the particles are negligible

Only have kinetic energy

All collisions are elastic

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8

Molar mass (mu)

Mass per mole

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9

The Avogadro constant (NA)

The number of atoms of molecules in one mole of a substance

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10

n=N/NA

n - number of moles of the substance

N- number of atoms. Molecules in the substance

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11

Ideal gas

A gas that perfectly obeys the gas laws under all conditions

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