Chapter 1: Foundations of American Democracy

Anne Hutchinson

challenged Puritan religious beliefs and attracted women to her cause on religious tolerance and women’s equality

Roger Williams

preached separation from the Church of England, questioned ethics of settling on Indian land, banished in 1635

Providence Plantation

created by Roger Williams in current day Rhode Island

Thomas Hooker

believed all men should have the right to vote, helped draft Connecticut Constitution and thought to be the first with a representative gov

William Penn

launched his holy experiment attracting other persecuted Europeans and had a surviving colony due to diversity

Social Contract

an agreement between a gov and its citizens under which certain freedoms are ceded to the state in exchange for protection of others, idea came from framers from the enlightenment, Constitution is an example

Enlightenment

philosophical movement in 18th century Europe in which adherents advocated liberty and tolerance of individual differences, decried religious and political abuses, and rejected the notion of an absolute monarchy

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

wrote “The Social Contract, of Principles of Political Right” in which he explained that gov is based on the idea of popular sovereignty, believed everyone surrendered rights and property to community, thought there was no need for a speration or division of power

Popular Sovereignty

the will of the people as a whole gives power and direction to the state

Thomas Hobbs

thought that people mutually agreed to create a state, giving it only enough power to provide protection of their well-being, people relinquished right to power when given to the state, loss of rights was price of protection

republic

gov rooted in the consent of the governed; a representative or indirect democracy

John Locke

stressed role of individual, their freedom, and the importance of the gov protecting their rights

democracy

a system of selecting policy makers and organizing gov so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences

examples of democracy

voting equality, effective participation/understanding, citizen’s agenda control, inclusion, “of the people, by the people, for the people”

major principles of democracy

protection of individual rights, equal protection before the law, opportunities for political participation, and majority rule based on the principle of one person-one vote

Federalist 10

written by Madison to counter argument that democracies aren't effective/successful

19th century political thought

a monarchy was needed, still used in arguments of democracy opponents